Soil
What is a soil substance composed of decayed organisms' particles?
humus
What is the rocky surface layer of the earth?
crust
What type of volcano will probably never erupt again?
Extinct volcano
reddish-orange metal often used for electrical wiring
copper
The general term for fuels derived from the remains of once-living things
Fossil fuels
What is the layer of solid rock below the soil?
bedrock
The structure formed when a layer of rock breaks and moves is a…
fold
What type of volcanic ejecta is lava hardened to form either a smooth surface or a ropy surface?
pahoehoe
red variety of corundum
ruby
What type of sedimentary rock forms from when physical forces carry minerals.
Mechanical
Water underneath the soil's surface
groundwater
What type of mountain is formed when molten rock erupts from a hole in the earth's crust?
volcanic mountain
What are large pieces of solid volcanic ejecta that solidfy before being ejected from the volcano?
volcanic block
white-gray metal more valuable than gold
platinum
The most common igneous rock is?
basalt
What type of soil bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into nitrogen-containing compounds?
nitrogen-fixing bacteria
The idea that the earth's crust consists of huge plates that slowly drift over the earth's surface is the theory of…
plate tectonics
Which method for reducing earthquake damage involves placing buildings on movable "stilts" that absorb earthquake energy?
base-isolated systems
Green form of beryl
emerald
Type of sedimentary rock that consists of smooth pebbles in hardened sand or clay
conglomerate
What type of bacteria in the soil turns nitrates in soil back to atmospheric nitrogen?
denitrifying bacteria
What is the platic rock in the lower poirtion of the upper mantle on which the plates float?
Asthenosphere
What term describes magma bulging overlying rocks upwared to produce dome-like intrusion?
laccolith
Metal used in radiation shielding, automobile batteries, and ammunition?
lead
sedimentary rock formed from mechanical sediments
Clastic sedimentary rocks