Space
an occurrence during which the Moon's shadow appears on Earth's surface
solar eclipse
the extinction of many species on Earth within a short period of time
the moving of weathered material, or sediment, from one location to another
erosion
a very broad, gently sloping volcano that looks kind of like a warrior's shield lying on the ground. Shield volcanoes are the biggest volcanoes
shield volcano
The process by which a gas turns to a liquid
condensation
the spin of an object around its axis
rotation
a chart that divides Earth’s history into different time units based on changes in the rocks and fossils
geological time scale
igneous rock that forms as magma cools underground
intrusive rock
the exact place deep inside the Earth where the earthquake begins
focus
the process by which plants release water vapor through their leaves
transpiration
the path an object follows as it moves around another object
orbit
the preserved remains or evidence of past living organisms
fossils
the process through which sediment turns into rock
lithification
a place deep inside the Earth that is hotter than the areas around it. The hot spot can melt rock into magma and make volcanoes form above it at the surface
hot spot
layer of gasses that surround a planet
atmosphere
when Earth's rotation axis is tilted neither toward nor away from the Sun
equinox
layers of sedimentary rock
rock strata
a process in which minerals dissolved in water crystallize between sediment grains
cementation
pieces of rock that shoot out of a volcano when it erupts. These pieces can be small like ash or sand, or bigger like stones or boulders
pyroclastic material
the long-term average weather conditions that occur in a particular region
climate
phases of the Moon during which more of the Moon's near side is lit each night
waxing phase
the principle that in undisturbed rock layers, the oldest rocks are on the bottom
superposition
the process by which atoms form a solid with an orderly, repeating pattern
crystallization
vibrations or shakes that move through the ground during an earthquake
seismic waves
the area of permeable sediment or rock that holds a significant amount of water
aquifer