REGIONAL ACTORS
What is the name of the multilateral financial institution created by China (with a portfolio of over $100 billion) that provides loans to countries in Asia, which is comparable to the World Bank.
Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB)
What is the name of the Chinese grand strategy under Deng Xiaoping in which it sought to adopt a low profile to not alarm other countries while it harnessed its strengths economically and militarily?
Hide and bide
What country was China’s principal rival during the Cold War?
The Soviet Union
What does Nobel Laureate Paul Krugman describe as temporary economic policies that are “one-time changes in behavior that cannot be repeated” without accompanying efficiencies that fail to provide long term growth.
Input driven growth
What group of exiles (that China views as anti-China rebels and separatists) does India persist in harboring?
Tibetans
According to Marcin Kaczmarski, what concept describes the type of relationship between countries in which there is a substantial, practical and real friendship resting on a foundation of mutual interests, shared world view, formalized treaties, and shared institutions?
Strategic partnership
Describe the condition of international competition (as discussed by Richard Betts) in which a country is willing to forgo current benefits so that an adversary’s advantages are reduced?
Relative gains
What is Made in China 2025?
A campaign launched by the Chinese government to increase local innovation (in fields like AI, quantum computing, robotics, and semi-conductors).
Name at least two real world examples of US-led cooperative efforts with other countries to balance against China.
- The QUAD: Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (a strategic dialogue mechanism between the US, Japan, Australia and India)
- AUKUS: a trilateral security pact (involving the US, Australia, and the UK)
- The Pivot toward Asia
What real-world evidence does David Kang use to argue that a China-led hierarchy would be stabilizing for the rest of Asia?
Kang claims that “historically (during its dynastic period) it has been Chinese weakness that has led to chaos in Asia. When China has been strong and stable, order has been preserved.”
Why were western countries like the US concerned about Chinese companies like Huawei?
People were concerned that if Huawei provided 5G networks it would not be able to resist requests from Beijing to tap into user’s data.
(An additional concern: China also supplied technology equipment to other authoritarian countries)
What is the name of the analogy offered by Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping that exemplified his pragmatic willingness to embrace either economic communism or capitalism?
Black cat/white cat analogy
What is the name of the China-sponsored alternative to the Transpacific Partnership, and what percentage of world GDP does it comprise?
- Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership
- 30% of global GDP
What was the name of the system in China in which local party bosses controlled peoples' necessities (food, housing, health care, education, etc.) in exchange for control?
- The danwei/hukou system.
- Everyone one was assigned a work unit (a danwei) and monitored with their household identification (their hukou)
What are the three elements of China’s “traumatic trifecta” which according to Rush Doshi caused China to change its mind toward alignment with the US around 1989?
- Support by many US leaders of the 1989 Tiananmen protests
- US attack on Iraq in the first Gulf War
- Fall of the Berlin Wall
Name at least three different new changes that would take place in the world (according to Rush Doshi) if China was successful in displacing the US as global leader.
- The withdrawal of US forces from Japan and Korea,
- The end of American regional alliances,
- The effective removal of the US Navy from the Western Pacific,
- Deference from China’s regional neighbors,
- Unification with Taiwan,
- The resolution of territorial disputes in the East and South China Seas.”
- A world class Chinese military with bases around the world
- “Economically, it would weaken the financial advantages that underwrite US hegemony
Name at least three reasons why BYD has overtaken Tesla as the number one manufacturer of electric vehicles in the world.
- Chinese government intellectual property theft (via hacking)
- Private sector intellectual property theft (after mandated partnerships between Chinese and foreign firms)
- Cheaper products: Vertical integration (in which BYD supplies its own batteries)
- Massive government financial support
- R&D: Increased innovations of Chinese entrepreneurs and other specialists
What is the name of the US alternative to the BRI launched by the G7 under President Biden in 2021 (which was not supported under the Trump Administration)?
Build Back Better World (B3W) initiative
According to Rush Doshi, Chinese leaders believe the time is ripe for an expansionist move because they see an international vacuum caused by the increased absence of western leadership. Name at least three factors that support this critique.
- Weak institutions (as with BREXIT)
- Weak favorability rankings (of countries like the US)
- Weak participation in international organizations (as with US non participation)
- Weak economies (as with the US 2008 financial crisis)
- Weak information control (as with weaking of the US media landscape and misinformation)
- Disastrous US response to Covid
- Increased ethnic strife in western countries
Name at least two concerns about threats posed by the Belt and Road Initiative that have been expressed by US officials.
- Expanding military bases (and potential bullying) as it has done in the South China Sea.
- Possible military control over key shipping lanes.
- Crushing Chinese criticism (lest loans be withdrawn)
- Debt trap diplomacy (as with Sri Lanka’s port, after they defaulted on their loans from the Chinese.)