Mathematics
Which civilization used the positional number system with knots on ropes?
Inca civilization
What is the difference between lunar and solar calendars?
The lunar calendar uses the phases of the moon to measure time from new moon to new moon as a month.
The solar calendar generally measures the time between solstices and equinoxes (The time required for the Earth to revolve around the Sun is one solar year).
Who carried out the rituals and prays to heal or cure diseases?
Shamanes or healers
What was the purpose for religious temples?
They were used for worshipping and sacrifices
Which civilization used the base-20 Number System?
Maya civilization
What was a long count and how did it work?
It's the Maya non-repeating calendar with a length of at least 5126 years = 13 baktunes. Last account started on August 13, 3114 B.D. and it was over on December 21, 2012. Then it would start over.
According to the Pre-columbian civilizations, diseases were related to what beliief?
Punishments from Gods due to bad behavior
Buildings and temples were built with an orientation that allows to follow the course ___________ and to predict the__________.
of the celestial bodies
solstices and equinoxes.
Aztecs used 4 basic symbols as the main numbers, name at least 2.
•No 1: the corn seed, a dot or a finger
•No 20: a flag for boundaries
•No 400: a corn plant or a feather
•No 8,000: a sac
What happened after every Aztec 52-year-cycle finished?
New Fire Ceremony, also called The Binding Up of the Years takes place where the priests lit a new sacred fire on the chest of a sacrificed victim, from which the people rekindled their hearth fires and began to feast.
Oinments, potions, beberages or teas made with natural minerals, animal parts, and plants.
What did the Mayas, Aztecs and Incas used to orient their constructions?
the cardinal directions: east to west (to determine the time), north to south (due to solstices)
Explain the positional number system Mayas used.
Each symbol value differed according to its position in the quantity
Explain the structure of the Sacred Lunar Calendar Tzolkin (Maya name) – Tonalpohualli (Aztec name)
A calendar made up of two wheels (one big wheel that has 20 glyphs (representing days) in combination with numbers from 1 to 13 numbers inside a big wheel) that produces 260 unique days.
Each of the day names is represented by a god who carries time across the sky, thus marking the passage of night and day.
Pre-columbian civilizations were able to classify some diseases by symptoms and causes? True or false?
True
What did the east to west determine? What did the north to south determine?
east to west determined the time; north to south determined solstices.
Mayas represented the 0 with what?
by a shell
What are the basic units of time in Maya calendar?
1 day is a k’in.
20 k’in = 1 uinal or 20 days
18 uinal = 1 tun or 360 days
20 tun = 1 katun or 7,200 days
20 katun = 1 baktun or 144,000 days
Explain the HEALING RITUAL
baths, prayers, confesions, oinments made with plants and mystical trances prompted by the consumption of psychotropic plants
What were the tools the Pre-Columbian civilizations commonly used to make and to transport of materials?
Pre-Columbian civilizations commonly used tools made of stone and the transport of materials was done manually.