Muscular & Integumentary System
What are cardiac muscles?
Muscles that form the walls of the heart and contract to circulate blood?
What is hemiplegia and what does it indicate?
Hemiplegia is a condition caused by brain damage or spinal cord injury and it indicates the paralysis of one side of the body.
What are the three layers of the heart
List and explain two tyes of bone fractures
Possible answers:
Simple - broken bone
Compound - broken bone breaches skin
Greenstick - fracture
Comminuted - bone breaks into several different pieces
Impacted - simple break that is jammed back togetherq
Where is mucus produced and what is its function?
Produced in mucus glands and catches unwanted things and moistens and dampens air
What are the three different pigmentations *make sure to not just state the name, what are they?
Melanin, brown-black pigments that absorb UV light to tan skin.
Carotene, yellowish red pigment
Albino, absence of light pigment.
The brain consists of 4 lobes. What are they called? And what are they responsible for?
Frontal lobe - voluntary movement, expressive language and for managing higher level executive functions.
Parietal lobe - touch, pain, temperature, and the sense of limb position
Occipital lobe - visual perception, including color, form and motion
Temporal lobe - processing affect/emotions, language, and certain aspects of visual perception
What is the wall that splits the heart called and why is it important?
Septum - keeps clean blood and dirty blood from getting mixed
What is the shaft of the bone called and the tip of the bone called
Shaft - Diaphysis
Tip - Epiphysis
What are the three sections of the pharynx, and where are they located?
Nasopharynx is behind the nasal cavities. Oropharynx is behind the mouth. Hypopharynx is located next to the epiglottis.
List the 4 properties of the muscles and it's abilities.
Excitability, irritability to respond to nerve impulse
Contractility, stimulated by nerve contact, causes movements
Extensibility, ability to stretch
Elasticity, allows it to return to its original form.
What is the difference between Sympathetic and Parasympathetic? Explain what they do?
Sympathetic is during an emergency while Parasympathetic is recovering from an emergency. Sympathetic raises heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure. Parasympathetic slows heart rate and decreases respiration.
What are the three main blood vessels and what are each responsible for?
Arteries, responsible for carrying blood away from the heart. Capillaries, responsible for connecting arterioles with the venules. Veins, responsible for blood vessels to carry blood back to the heart.
Explain what happens when you get a Greenstick fracture?
Fractured bone is still connected.
What is internal and external respiration
External Respiration is the exchange between oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and bloodstream.
Internal Respiration is the exchange between oxygen and carbon dioxide between the bloodstream and tissue cells.
What are the properties of the muscles and what are their abilities?
Excitability: irritability to respond to nerve impulse.
Contractility: stimulated by nerve contact, causes movements.
Extensibility: ability to stretch,
Elasticity: allows it to return to its original form.
What is the difference between the Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System? What do they both consist of?
The difference between the two is that the Peripheral NS sends signals, and the Central NS carries out those signals.
The Central Nervous System consists of the brain and spinal cord. The Peripheral Nervous System consists of the Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems.
If one parent has a blood type of AB and the other is type O, what blood type will their child have
A or B
What are the 3 types of curvatures and how are they different?
Kyphosis - Hunchback
Lordosis - inward curvature
Scoliosis - Spine is C shaped
What does COPD stand for, and what are some disorders that lead to COPD?
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: chronic asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and tuberculosis.
What are the 7 functions of the integumentary system?
Protection, Sensory, Storage, Body Temperature, Absorption, Excretion, Production.
Explain the parts of a neuron.
The dendrite carries impulses to the cell body, while the axon carries impulses away from the cell body. Myelin sheath is a fat covering up the acon, which increases the rate of impulse. Axon goes to dendrite. Neurotransmitters are special chemicals that allow nerve impulses to pass from one neuron to another.
Describe the pathway of blood through the circulatory system.
Superior Vena -> right atrium -> tricuspid valve -> right ventricle -> pulmonary valve -> pulmonary artery -> pulmonary vein -> left atrium -> bicuspid valve -> left ventricle -> aortic valve -> aorta or inferior vena cava
What are the five functions of the skeletal system? What are each of the functions responsible for?
Production - produces bone marrow
Storage - storage of calcium and fat
Protection - protection of internal organs
Levers - joints
Structure - the framing of the body
Explain the pathway of air.
Pathway: nasal cavities -> pharynx -> trachea -> primary bronchi -> secondary bronchi -> tertiary bronchi -> bronchioles -> alveoli (where O2 diffuses from the alveoli into the blood & CO2 from the blood into the alveoli)