Cold, Cold World
Constriction of peripheral blood vessels
What is the body's first defense against cold?
The first step in assessing an avalanche patient once extricated
What is airway?
What is sweating?
When heat leaves your body via direct contact with an object
What is Conduction?
A body-warming mechanism that can be inhibited by traumatic injuries or drugs
What is shivering?
The amount of time a rescuer should check for a pulse if they suspect hypothermia
What is one minute?
Painful sensations in large muscle groups caused by electrolyte imbalance and dehydration
What are heat cramps?
The process of maintaining a normal body temperature
What is thermoregulation?
The return of cold blood from the extremities, causing a continued drop in core temps even after warming measures have begun
What is afterdrop?
An adage in the rescue of pulseless patients in cold environments
What is "They're not dead until they're warm and dead"?
Those most at risk of heat illness
What are newborns, infants, the elderly and the obese?
The apparent temperature of air felt on exposed skin
What is wind chill?
The point when shivering ceases, and pulse and respirations begin to slow
What is moderate hypothermia?
A result of rough handling (or premature CPR) of a moderately or severely hypothermic patient
What is ventricular fibrillation?
When prior exposure to heat lowers the temperature at which the body begins sweating
What is heat acclimatization?
A tool for active warming that can be effective for mildly hypothermic patients
What are heat packs?
A cause of peripheral vasodilation of blood vessels, as well as impaired shivering response AND impaired judgement
What is alcohol?
The vicious cycle and complex relationship between physical injury, coagulopathy and metabolic acidosis often seen in avalanche patients
What is the Trauma Triad of Death?
The primary differentiating sign between heat exhaustion and heat stroke
What is decreased level of responsiveness?
The most effective treatment for heatstroke (albeit accompanied by other risks)
What is immersive cooling?