Symbiosis and Ecological Relationships
What type of symbiotic relationship occurs when both organisms benefit?
Mutualism
What term describes an organism's position in a food chain or food web?
Trophic Level
In a food chain, which direction do arrows point?
From the food/organism being eaten toward the organism that eats it.
What term describes the living or once-living components of an ecosystem?
Biotic Factors
What type of consumer eats primary consumers?
Secondary Consumer
What type of symbiotic relationship occurs when one organism benefits while the host is harmed?
Parasitism
According to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, what happens to most energy as it moves between trophic levels? According to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, what happens to most energy as it moves between trophic levels?
It is lost as heat
What is a linear sequence showing how energy moves from one organism to another?
Food Chain
Put these levels in order from smallest to largest: organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere.
Organism → Population → Community → Ecosystem → Biome → Biosphere
What type of consumer eats secondary consumers?
Tertiary Consumer
What type of symbiotic relationship occurs when one organism benefits and the other is unaffected?
Commensalism
Why are there typically fewer tertiary consumers than producers in an ecosystem?
Less energy is available at higher trophic levels.
What is a network of interconnected food chains called?
Food Web
What is the specific natural environment where an organism lives?
Habitat
What type of organism makes its own food using sunlight or chemicals?
Producer (Autotroph)
Barnacles attach themselves to a whale. The barnacles receive transportation and access to food, while the whale is unaffected. Which symbiotic relationship is this?
Commensalism
What law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed?
First Law of Thermodynamics
In the food chain Grass → Rabbit → Snake → Hawk, identify the trophic level of the hawk.
Tertiary Consumer
What term describes the nonliving components of an ecosystem, such as water, sunlight, and rocks?
Abiotic Factors
What organisms break down dead organisms and recycle nutrients back into the ecosystem?
Decomposers
What is a symbiotic relationship
a close relationship between two species; at least one benefits
what percentage of energy is transferred to the next trophic level?
10%
In the food chain Grass → Rabbit → Snake → Hawk, what is the rabbit?
Primary Consumer
What level of ecological organization includes all places on Earth where life exists?
Biosphere
What type of consumer eats producers such as plants?
Primary Consumer