Chemistry
This is the smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of that element.
What is an atom?
This biomolecule is the body's major source of quick energy.
What are carbohydrates?
This structure controls what enters and leaves the cell.
What is the plasma membrane?
The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is called this.
What is diffusion?
At rest, the inside of a typical neuron is more negative than the outside.
What is the resting membrane potential?
These negatively charged particles are found outside the atomic nucleus.
What are electrons?
Amino acids are the building blocks of this biomolecule.
What are proteins?
This organelle contains most of the cell's DNA?
What is the nucleus?
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called this.
What is osmosis?
The RMP of many neurons is approximately this value.
What is -70mV?
A substance with a pH below 7 is classified as this.
What is an acid?
Triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids belong to this group of biomolecules.
What are lipids?
Known as the "powerhouse of the cell," this organelle produces most cellular ATP.
What is the mitochondrion?
Unlike passive transport, this type of membrane transport requires ATP.
What is active transport?
At rest, the cell membrane is more permeable to this ion because of numerous leak channels.
What is potassium?
This type of chemical bond forms when atoms share electrons.
What is a covalent bond?
DNA and RNA belong to this class of biomolecules.
What are nucleic acids?
These organelles are responsible for protein synthesis.
What are ribosomes?
During this process, a cell surrounds a substance and brings it inside using a vesicle.
What is endocytosis?
This membrane protein uses ATP to move 3 sodium ions out of the cell and 2 potassium ions into the cell.
What is the sodium-potassium pump?
In this reaction, one substance loses electrons while another substance gains electrons.
What is an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction?
This reaction joins smaller molecules together by removing a molecule of water.
What is dehydration synthesis?
This organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for transport.
What is the Golgi apparatus?
During this process, a cell engulfs large particles or microorganisms by surrounding them with its plasma membrane and forming a vesicle.
What is phagocytosis?