🫀 Anatomy & Physiology
Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?
Arteries
What is the medical term for an abnormally fast heart rate?
Tachycardia
What mineral is especially important for strengthening teeth and preventing cavities?
Fluoride
During DNA replication, which enzyme relieves the twisting strain ahead of the replication fork?
Topoisomerase
Which is the stronger acid: CH₃COOH or CH₃CH₂OH?
CH₃COOH (acetic acid)
Which part of the brain regulates breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure?
Medulla oblongata
What condition occurs when the body cannot properly regulate blood glucose because of problems involving insulin?
Diabetes mellitus
What is the medical term for tooth decay?
Dental caries
What organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for transport?
Golgi apparatus
What is the hybridization of the carbonyl carbon in a ketone?
sp²
What valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle?
Mitral/bicuspid valve
What condition occurs when a blood clot blocks an artery supplying the brain?
Ischemic stroke
What part of a tooth lies directly underneath the enamel and makes up most of the tooth's structure?
Dentin
During mitosis, in which phase do sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite sides of the cell?
Anaphase
What functional group contains a carbon double-bonded to oxygen (C=O) with carbon groups attached on both sides?
Ketone
Which part of the nephron is primarily responsible for filtering blood to begin urine formation?
Glomerulus
A patient's blood pressure is 88/55 mmHg. What medical term describes this condition?
Hypotension
Which cranial nerve provides most sensory information from the teeth, jaw, and face?
Trigeminal nerve
During oxidative phosphorylation, protons accumulate on which side of the inner mitochondrial membrane, and in which direction do they flow through ATP synthase?
They accumulate in the intermembrane space and flow into the mitochondrial matrix.
A molecule contains 3 stereocenters and has no internal symmetry. What is the maximum number of stereoisomers possible?
8
Which cranial nerve carries major parasympathetic signals to the heart, lungs, and digestive tract?
Vagus nerve
A patient has chest pain, sweating, nausea, and pain radiating down the left arm. What medical emergency should be suspected?
Myocardial infarction
What structure anchors a tooth to the surrounding alveolar bone while allowing slight movement and absorbing chewing forces?
Periodontal ligament
The ovarian cycle has three major phases. Name all three AND identify the major hormone rise or surge associated with each phase.
Follicular phase → estrogen rises
Ovulation → LH surge
Luteal phase → progesterone rises
Two molecules have the same molecular formula and connectivity but are non-superimposable mirror images. What are they called?
Enantiomers