FVE or FVD
What can cause a bounding pulse of 118 bpm? FVE or FVD
Fluid volume excess (FVE)
What range of electrolyte values do these belong to: 135 to 145 mmol/L
Sodium
The majority of the body's fluid or water lives here- ECF or ICF
Intracellular fluid compartment or inside the cell
Name this: Ions move against osmotic pressure to area of higher pressure, ATP energy. Active or passive?
Active transport
Calcium needs to be administered with which vitamin?
Vitamin D
Which electrolyte deficiency causes: Seizures, headache, Confusion, Lethargy, Coma?
Hyponatremia
Which electrolyte deficiency can cause a twitch on the cheek when stroked? What is the sign called?
Hypocalcemia, Chevostek's sign
What can cause a weak or thready pulse of 125 bpm, increased urine specific gravity, and increased hemoglobin and hematocrit values? FVE or FVD
Fluid volume deficit (FVD)
What range of electrolyte values do these belong to: 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L
Potassium
Name the fluid compartment outside the cell.
Extracellular fluid (compartment)
What is a measurement of the number of particles per kilogram of water?
Osmolality
Potassium supplements should be administered with or without food?
With food
Which electrolyte deficiency causes: Leg cramps, muscle weakness, fatigue?
Hypokalemia
Which deficiency can be caused by prolonged NG suctioning of gastric secretions (hydrochloric acid)?
Hypochloremia
What can cause pale yellow urine (low urine specific gravity) and a decreased HCT, and coughing pink, frothy sputum with crackles in the lungs, and pitting edema on extremities? FVE or FVD
Fluid volume excess (FVE) (sounds like heart failure)
What range of electrolyte values do these belong to: 97 to 107 mEq/L
Chloride
What is the fluid or liquid inside a blood vessel, the plasma, called?
Intravascular fluid (ECF)
What is the fluid loss thru skin and lungs called? Sensible or Insensible loss?
Insensible loss
A patient with electrolyte imbalances of potassium, magnesium, or calcium will be placed on a ____ monitor?
Cardiac monitor
Which deficiency causes this reaction within a few minutes the forearm/wrist muscles contract into spasms after a BP cuff is inflated on the arm. What is the sign called?
Trousseau's sign, Hypocalcemia and Hypomag
Which deficiency can be caused by prolonged diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting?
Hypokalemia
What can cause an increased respiratory rate and increase in rate and depth of respirations and a sodium level of 148 mEq/L? FVE or FVD
Fluid volume deficit (FVD)
What range of electrolyte values do these belong to: 8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL
Calcium
What is the fluid that surrounds the tissue cells called?
Interstitial fluid (ECF)
The Adrenal gland activates this hormone, which causes absorption of water and sodium. Name the hormone.
Aldosterone
The nurse will administer this medication for a potassium level of 6.1.
Sodium Polystyrene Sulfate (Kayexalate)
Which electrolyte excess can cause muscle cramps, urine abnormalities, respiratory distress, decreased cardiac contractility, lethal ECG rhythm, decreased deep tendon reflexes?
Hyperkalemia
Muscle cramps in lower extremities' followed by profound weakness, Numbness and tingling in extremities
Hyperkalemia and hypocalcemia can cause this
What can cause an increase in gastrointestinal motility? FVE or FVD
Fluid volume excess
What range of electrolyte values do these belong to: 1.5 to 2.5 mEq/L
Magnesium
These fluids, Pleural, Ocular, Cerebrospinal, Pericardial fluid, are called?
Transcellular fluid (ECF)
Fluid distribution between ECF and ICF occurs by which passive transport?
Osmosis
A patient with Hyper or Hypocalcemia needs to strain their urine.
Hypercalcemia = kidney stones
Which electrolyte deficiency causes Tetany (spasms) numbness & tingling of fingers, toes, around lips, nose and ears?
Hypocalcemia and Hypomagnesemia
Which electrolyte excess can cause hypoactive or absent deep tendon reflexes?
Hypermagnesemia
What organ primarily controls fluid and electrolyte balance?
Kidneys (sodium and water and potassium)
What range of electrolyte values do these belong to: 2.45 to 4.5 mg/dL
Phosphate/ Phosphorus
Name this fluid shift: Fluid shifts from the vascular space to an area where it is physiologically unavailable, Ascites, burns. First, Second, or Third space shift
Third Space Shift
Passive movement of electrolytes or other particles down the concentration gradient (from high to low conentration) usually in the lungs is called?
Diffusion
When the body has hyponatremia and hypervolemia or dilution of serum sodium, the patient will be placed on what type of restriction?
Fluid restriction
Which electrolyte imbalance is caused by consuming too much Milk of Magnesia or Mylanta?
Hypermagnesemia
Which electro excess can cause crystal formation on the skin causing sever/intense itching? (This can go along with renal failure)
Hyperphosphatemia
Which electrolyte is responsible for fluid volume?
Sodium
What range of values do these belong to: 270 to 300 mOsm/kg
Serum Osmolality
Minimal urine output per hour is?
30 mL/hr
What happens to red blood cells when given a hypertonic solution?
RBC's shrink (think too much salt)
This medication is used to treat a calcium level of 12.
Calcitonin
These 2 electrolytes that affect the bones oppose one another in signs and symptoms, who are they?
Calcium and phosphorus
Extreme thirst, Flushed skin, Red, dry & swollen tongue
Hypernatremia
The IV site is cool to the touch with edema. What should you do?
Stop the infusion.
What range of values do these belong to: 36 to 53 %
Hematocrit
What is the best indicator of fluid status in young to middle adulthood?
Daily weight
Name the passive transport of fluid distribution between the vascular and interstitial space of the ECF.
Filtration, (hydrostatic pressure = BP)
The interventions of I&O, daily weight can be used for patients with FVD or FVE or both? Which electrolyte imbalance?
Fluid volume deficit and fluid volume excess
hyponatremia and hyponatremia
These two electrolytes go in pairs together following water, who are they?
Sodium and Chloride (salt)
Bradycardia (hear block) with possible cardiac arrest
Hypercalcemia
What condition requires the nurse to provide frequent oral care? FVE or FVD
Fluid volume deficit, dry mouth or xerostomia
What range of electrolyte values do these belong to: 1.003 to 1.036
Urine specific gravity
What is 1 liter of fluid is equal to in kg or pounds?
1 kg of weight or 2.2 lbs
Name this hormone from the pituitary gland that will increase production of this hormone when dehydration or hemorrhage occur.
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Which electrolyte imbalance needs for the nurse to place the patient on Seizure Precautions?
Hypo and Hypernatremia
Which lab value has the mnemonic of Call 9-1-1?
Calcium
Deep, rapid breathing- Kussmaul breathing
Hyperchloremia