Nature of Light
a form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it travels through space
electromagnetic radiation
the minimum amount of energy that can be gained or lost by an electron
quantum
lowest allowable energy state of an atom
ground state
The wave function predicts a three-dimensional region around the nucleus called the
atomic orbital
arrangement of electrons in an atom
electron configuration
represented by the Greek letter Lambda, it is the distances between a crest of one wave to the crest of the next wave.
wavelength
has a value of 6.626 X 10-34 J/s
Planck's Constant
the number assigned based on atomic radius to label an energy level
quantum number
indicates the relative size and energy of atomic orbitals
principal quantum number
states that each electron occupies the lowest energy level available
aufbau principle
the number of waves that pass a given point per second
frequency
electrons, called photoelectrons, are emitted from a metal's surface when light of a certain frequency, or higher than a certain frequency, shines on the surface
photoelectric effect
de Broglie equation
Each major energy level is called
principal energy level
states that a maximum of two electrons can occupy a single atomic orbital
Pauli exclusion principle
amplitude
a massless particle that carries a quantum of energy
photon
states that it is fundamentally impossible to know precisely both the velocity and the position of a particle at the same time.
Heisenberg uncertainty principle
principal energy levels contain
energy sublevels
states that single electrons with the same spin must occupy each equal-energy orbital before additional electrons with opposite spins can occupy the same orbitals
Hund's rule
includes all forms of electromagnetic radiation, with the only differences in the types of radiation being their frequencies and wavelengths
electromagnetic spectrum
the set frequencies of the electromagnetic waves emitted by atoms of the element
atomic emission spectrum
The atomic model in which electrons are treated as waves
quantum mechanical model of the atom
How many electrons can the following subshells hold:
s-
p-
d-
f-
2
6
10
14
defined as electrons in the atom's outermost orbitals
valence electrons