Chapter 4
the minimal change that can be detected 50% of the time is known as what?
Just noticeable difference
which stage of sleep is known as deep, restorative sleep?
stage 3
what form of amnesia is characterized by being unable to convert new short-term memories into long-term memory
anterograde amnesia
concept
which structure in the eye only contains cones?
fovea
a negative afterimage is a concept that is associated with which theory of color perception?
opponent-process theory
this hypothesis states that the reason why we dream is to make sense of random neural activity that occurs in the brain
activation-synthesis hypothesis
which type of encoding is the following an example of?
To remember that pumpkins are associated with halloween, I think about the time when my dog dressed-up in a pumpkin costume
self-referential encoding
the arrangement of words into sentences is known as what?
brushing your teeth, combing your hair, and taking a shower are all examples of what wandering awareness concept?
automaticity
I am sitting in a lecture hall and can't help but notice a beeping that is coming from a fire alarm outside of the classroom. As lecture goes on, I find myself being able to ignore the constant beeping and listen to the lecture instead
sensory adaptation
Name 4 things that occur during REM sleep
-rapid eye movements
-brain activity is similar to wakefulness
-heart rate and breathing rate increase
-inability to move skeletal muscles
-dreams
what is the following an example of:
My friend is telling me a list of 10 numbers over the phone to remember for her. When she asks me to read the list of numbers back to her, I can only recall the first 3 she said.
primacy effect
explain the difference between a fixed mindset and a growth mindset
fixed mindset: intelligence cannot be changed
growth mindset: intelligence can be changed
conductive hearing loss is most likely due to damage in which structure of the ear?
ossicles (bones in the middle ear)
this disorder is caused by damage to the ventral stream, and causes the individual to be unable to identify objects through sight
visual form agnosia
What focussed awareness concept is the following an example of:
I am driving down the highway and do not see a clown that is standing on the side of the street
inattentional blindness
What type of memory is the following an example of:
I know that the number pi is equal to approximately 3.14
semantic memory
when learning language, what developmental milestone usually occurs around the age of 3?
toddlers can produce sentences with grammatical function words like "of" and "the"
the conversion of stimuli into neural impulses is known as what?
transduction
list the pathway that a neural impulse takes for us to perceive visual images
optic nerve --> optic chiasm --> lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) (located in thalamus) --> visual cortex
what is it called when a person has full body paralysis with preserved conscious thought?
This is a symptom that people with narcolepsy experience and is caused by a sudden loss of muscle tone
cataplexy
what form of implicit memory is the following an example of:
A child is sitting on a red bench one day and finds a bag of candy sitting underneath it. The next time the child see's a red bench, she looks for a bag of candy underneath it, but soon realizes there is none.
priming
ventromedial frontal cortex
what is the following an example of:
a person is more likely to purchase an item labeled 80% lean than they are to purchase an item that is labeled as 20% fat, even though the contents of both are the same
framing