Military Developments in 1862
In August 1862, Robert E. Lee defeated John Pope in this battle on much of the same ground where the war’s first major battle had been fought the previous year.
What is the Second Battle of Bull Run (Second Manassas)?
Enslaved people who escaped to Union lines early in the Civil War were commonly described by this term borrowed from the language of wartime property seizure.
What is contraband?
Issued in preliminary form in September 1862 and taking effect on January 1, 1863, this executive order declared enslaved people in areas still in rebellion to be “forever free.”
What is the Emancipation Proclamation?
For enslaved people seeking freedom during the Civil War, proximity to this institution was one of the strongest predictors of when and where large-scale escapes from slavery occurred.
What is the Union Army?
According to an anecdote told by Shelby Foote in Ken Burns’s The Civil War, a Confederate soldier gave this succinct reply in response to a question from Union soldiers as to why he was fighting.
What is "Because you're down here"?
Fresh from victory at Second Bull Run, Lee took the war onto Union soil in September 1862 by invading this border state.
What is Maryland?
At Fort Monroe in 1861, this Union general refused to return three escaped enslaved men to their Confederate owner, instead declaring them “contraband of war.”
Who is Benjamin Butler?
Before embracing military emancipation, Lincoln repeatedly promoted this more gradual approach, under which slaveholders would receive payment in exchange for freeing enslaved people.
What is compensated emancipation?
After Union forces captured South Carolina’s Sea Islands in 1861, this wartime project attempted to demonstrate that formerly enslaved people could work for wages, receive an education, and build lives outside slavery.
What is the Port Royal Experiment?
In his 1861 “Cornerstone Speech,” Alexander Stephens said the Confederacy’s government rested upon the “great truth” of this principle.
What is racial inequality or white supremacy?
After John Pope’s defeat, Lincoln reluctantly restored this general to command, despite his earlier failure to capture Richmond during the Peninsula Campaign.
Who is George McClellan?
In August 1861, this Union general proclaimed the slaves of Confederate sympathizers in Missouri free—only to have Lincoln order him to modify the decree.
Who is John C. Fremont?
When Lincoln first presented his emancipation plan to his cabinet in July 1862, this Secretary of State advised him to wait for a Union military victory before announcing it publicly.
Who is William Seward?
As enslaved people fled to Union lines, makeshift settlements like these sprang up around Union armies and forts, offering refuge from slavery but often suffering from overcrowding, disease, and inadequate supplies.
What are contraband camps?
In an August 1862 letter to Horace Greeley, Lincoln wrote that his “paramount object in this struggle” was to accomplish this goal, “and is not either to save or to destroy slavery.”
What is to save the Union.
Fought on September 17, 1862, this battle ended Lee’s Maryland Campaign and remains the bloodiest single day in American military history.
What is the Battle of Antietam?
Months before Lincoln issued the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, Congress abolished slavery—with compensation for loyal slaveholders—in this federal district.
What is Washington, DC?
Lincoln’s famous declaration that his “paramount object” was to save the Union appeared in an August 1862 public letter responding to an editorial by this influential New York Tribune editor.
Who is Horace Greeley?
Commanded by Robert Gould Shaw, this celebrated Black regiment suffered heavy casualties during its July 1863 assault on Fort Wagner in South Carolina.
What is the 54th Massachusetts Infantry?
In an 1863 speech from the day’s reading, this abolitionist argued that Black men could strengthen their claims to citizenship and equal rights by serving in the Union Army.
Who is Frederick Douglass?
The word “sideburns” derives from the surname of this Union general, whose troops fought to seize a now-famous stone bridge at Antietam.
Who is Ambrose Burnside?
In 1862, Congress fulfilled a plank of the 1860 Republican platform by prohibiting slavery in the U.S. territories, directly repudiating this controversial 1857 Supreme Court decision, which had held that Congress lacked the power to do so.
What is Dred Scott v. Sandford?
At an August 1862 White House meeting with a delegation of Black leaders, Lincoln controversially promoted this proposed solution, which called for freed African Americans to establish communities outside the United States.
What is colonization?
In an 1864 letter from the day’s reading, what was an anonymous Black Union soldier complaining about?
What is unequal pay?
Early Union volunteers tended to be more politically and ideologically motivated than many men who joined later in the war, when these two methods became increasingly important for filling the Union ranks. (Name one.)
What are enlistment bounties and conscription?