Defining Emotion and
Motivation
Motivation
This component of motivation describes the intensity, persistence, and strength behind a behaviour.
Energy
This evolutionary process causes beneficial inherited characteristics to become more common across generations
Natural selection
Shweder described this as a system of meanings, interpretations, and ways of understanding the world that develops through participation in social institutions and practices.
Culture
Your partner texts, “We need to talk.” Whether you interpret this as a breakup, an apology, or exciting news can influence which emotion you experience. This interpretation is called what
Appraisal
According to Self Determination Theory, being able to make choices and feel that your actions are self directed satisfies this psychological need.
autonomy
According to Self Determination Theory, feeling capable of mastering a task satisfies this psychological need
Competence
Humans may strongly crave foods high in sugar and fat because this preference was once adaptive, but modern environments make this example of what evolutionary concept?
Evolutionary mismatch
A person who emphasizes independence, personal uniqueness, and being true to themselves is more consistent with this cultural orientation
Individualism
Lazarus used this term to describe the underlying meaning or relationship between a person and their environment that gives rise to a particular emotion
Core relational themes
An emotion can help an individual manage their own behaviour while also communicating information to other people. These are the two broad categories of emotional function
intrapersonal and social functions
A student who is focused on achieving a high grade and pursuing positive outcomes is operating under this regulatory focus
Promotion focus
Your body detects that you are dehydrated, creates a feeling of thirst, and motivates you to find water. This illustrates this concept
Homeostasis
In a culture characterized by high vertical power distance, people are more likely to pay attention to differences in these between individuals
status and hierarchy
During a difficult task, someone who believes their resources are sufficient to meet the demands is experiencing this type of appraisal
Challenge appraisal
This evolutionary concept refers to the historical environment in which a particular adaptation developed and spread through natural selection
Environment of Evolutionary Adaptedness (EEA)
According to the revised James Lange perspective, you do not simply see a bear and then feel afraid. Instead, your interpretation of the bear as a threat helps determine this emotional response.
Appraisal
From an evolutionary perspective, fear may have been preserved because it helped organisms do this when faced with danger
Escape or avoid threats
This way of thinking emphasizes that things are interconnected and constantly changing, and that apparently contradictory ideas can both contain some truth
Dialectical epistemology
This model of emotion emphasizes that emotions emerge from a sequence of appraisal checks, rather than assuming that each emotion has one fixed appraisal pattern.
Component Process Model
In appraisal theory, determining whether an event helps or interferes with what you are trying to accomplish is an assessment of this appraisal dimension
goal congruence
A student studies psychology because they genuinely enjoy learning about human behaviour, rather than because they want a good grade. This is an example of this type of motivation
What is intrinsic motivation
Unlike biological drives such as hunger or thirst, these needs involve motives such as exploring the environment, forming relationships, and influencing one's surrounding
psychological needs
This term refers to the emotional states that people strive to experience, rather than the emotions they actually experience
Ideal affect
According to Lazarus, this emotion is associated with an offense that is perceived as demeaning or unfair and is typically attributed to another person
Anger
Researchers studying emotional responses across cultures have found that emotional experiences can show both similarities across societies and differences related to cultural beliefs, norms, and this
social context