Airways
You arrive at the scene of an unresponsive adult patient who fell off a roof. You note potential cervical spine trauma. Which manual maneuver should you use to open the airway?
Jaw Thrust
Why does the left ventricle have a significantly thicker muscular wall compared to the right ventricle?
It must generate high pressure to force oxygenated blood throughout the entire systemic circulation
During the initial primary assessment of an adult patient involved in a motor vehicle collision, you notice a large, actively spurting laceration on the right thigh with a pool of bright red blood. What is the first thing you do?
Apply a Tourniquet
Normal Range for Adult Blood Pressure
120/80
AVPU
Alert, Verbal, Pain, Unresponsive
What is the maximum duration for applying continuous suction to an adult patient's airway in a single pass?
15 seconds
After deoxygenated blood returns from the body tissues, which two major vessels empty directly into the right atrium?
Superior and Inferior Vena Cava
You arrive at the scene of an unresponsive 45-year-old male found lying on the floor. He has noisy, snoring respirations and is completely unresponsive to painful stimuli. You test his gag reflex and find it is absent. Which airway adjunct is most appropriate to insert first?
Oropharyngeal Airway (OPA)
Normal Range for Adult Pulse
60 to 100
SAMPLE
Signs/Symptoms, Allergies, Medications, Past Medical History, Last Oral Intake, Events Leading Up To
Which lung sound is characterized as continuous, high-pitched musical or whistling sounds, mostly heard during exhalation, caused by narrowed airways.
wheezing
Blood passing through the tricuspid valve flows directly into which chamber of the heart?
Right Ventricle
A 68-year-old female with a history of COPD is sitting upright in a chair complaining of mild shortness of breath. Her skin is warm and dry, and her pulse oximetry reading shows an SpO2 of 93% on room air. Which oxygen delivery device is most appropriate for initial management?
Nasal Cannula at 2 to 4 L/min
Normal Range Respirations for Adults
12 to 20
OPQRST
Onset, Provocation, Quality, Radiation, Severity, Time
What is the correct ventilation rate when using a Bag-Valve-Mask?
1 breath every 5-6 seconds
After picking up oxygen in the alveolar capillaries of the lungs, where does the blood travel next as it returns to the heart?
Left Atrium via the Pulmonary Veins
A 62-year-old male with a history of congestive heart failure presents in severe respiratory distress, tripod positioning, with coarse crackles heard bilaterally and an SpO2 of 83% on room air. He is fully alert, cooperative, and following commands. Which intervention is most appropriate?
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)
Normal Blood Glucose Range for Adults
80 to 120
DCAP-BTLS
Deformity, Contusion, Abrasion, Puncture/Penetrating, Burns, Tenderness, Laceration, Swelling
What are the upper airway and lower airway structures?
Upper: Nose, Mouth, Pharynx, Larynx
Lower: Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles, Alveoli
Which heart valve prevents the backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium during ventricular contraction?
Mitral (Bicuspid) Valve
A 76-year-old nursing home patient with a severe urinary tract infection presents with warm, flushed skin, bounding pulses, a high fever, and a dropping blood pressure. Which category of shock does this presentation represent?
Septic Shock (Distributive)
Normal range for end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO₂)
35 to 45 mmHg
PEARRL
Pupils Equal And Round Reactive to Light