Technological Advancements
This explosive-powder filled weapon gave Europeans an advantage when conquering empires in the Americas
What are guns?
This Italian explorer was the first European to reach the Americas, and opened up an exchange of goods, animals, and diseases between the Old World and the New World.
Who was Christopher Columbus?
This Iberian country was the first to enter into the "Age of Discovery"
What is Portugal?
This term refers to the process of a foreign power settling among and establishing control over a territory and its people-often leading to significant social, economic, and cultural transformations.
What is colonization?
Disease, warfare, and harsh working conditions contributed to major population losses among these people.
Who are Indigenous peoples?
This device shows directions and helped European mariners in their voyages.
What is a compass?
This Inca ruler was the last ruler of his empire, and was kidnapped and executed by the Spanish.
Who was Atahualpa?
This empire controlled the Americas and conquered the Aztec and Inca Empires
What is Spain?
This word refers to the Spanish conquerors that forcibly took power in the Americas.
What is Conquistadors?
European colonization contributed to increased demand for this type of labor in the Americas.
What is forced/enslaved labor?
These Iberian ships were fast, easily navigable, allowed European expeditions to make it across the Atlantic Ocean.
What are caravels?
This Spanish queen, along with her husband King Ferdinand, funded many expeditions to the New World.
Who was Queen Isabella of Castille?
Led by Queen Elizabeth I, this empire based its expansion on settler colonies, with their first settler colony being Jamestown
What is England?
This economic theory is based on the belief that the world's wealth is limited, and was a large reason for the European race to explore.
What is Mercantilism?
Because European powers established colonies in the Americas, they came into contact with Indigenous peoples, resulting in this transfer of foods, animals, diseases, and other things.
Advancement in this field made more detailed and accurate directions accessible to European mariners
What is cartography?
This Indigenous woman served as the interpreter, advisor, and intermediary between Hernán Cortés and the Indigenous peoples of Mexico.
Who was Malinche?
This empire based much of its expansion efforts by setting up trading posts and exporting fur products.
What is France?
This is a grant by the Spanish Crown to a colonist in America, awarding the right to demand tribute and forced labor from the Indigenous inhabitants of a specified area.
What is an encomienda?
European demand for labor and plantation crops contributed to the expansion of this system across the Atlantic.
What is the Transatlantic Slave Trade?
This device, invented by the Chinese but perfected by Johannes Gutenberg, allowed for the spread of information which helped in the exploration of the New World.
What is the printing press?
This Spanish missionary successfully argued against the mistreatment of Indigenous Americas.
Who was Bartolomé de las Casas?
This empire, well-known for its government chartered trading company, had outposts in Japan, India, Africa, and the East Indies.
What is the Netherlands?
This word refers to the sailing or traveling all the way around something.
What is circumnavigate?
European countries competed for these because controlling them could provide resources, trade, and wealth, strengthening their position against rival European powers.
What are colonies?