Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire was a continuation of what earlier empire?
What is the Roman Empire?
Neither was born into a royal family.
Why were Justinian and Theodora were unusual rulers because neither was born into this social position?
Roman law had become disorganized, repeated, outdated, and sometimes contradictory.
What problem with Roman law did Justinian want to fix?
An organized religious community where monks or nuns live together.
What is a monastery?
A split or division within a group
What does the word schism mean?
It sat between Europe and Asia and connected important trade and travel routes.
Why was Constantinople an important location for the Byzantine Empire?
She came from a low social background connected to the Hippodrome and entertainers.
What made Theodora's rise to empress especially unusual?
To organize and preserve Roman law so it was easier to use.
What was the main goal of the Justinian Code?
An early Christian monk who gave up wealth and comforts to live a simple religious life.
Who was Saint Anthony of Egypt?
The Roman Catholic Church in the West and the Eastern Orthodox Church in the East
What two churches resulted from the Great Schism?
Trade brought goods, merchants, and tax money that helped support the government, military, and city.
How did trade make Constantinople stronger?
She advised Justinian, formed her own supporters, and shared her opinions on political issues
How did Theodora take part in government?
Judges, lawyers, and students studying law.
Who was the Justinian Code meant to help?
Organize monastic life around prayer, work, discipline, leadership, and community.
What was the Rule of Saint Benedict designed to do?
The West said the Pope should lead all Christians, while Eastern leaders believed authority should be shared among bishops.
What was one major disagreement about church leadership?
It was also a center of government, religion, military activity, and culture.
What made Constantinople important besides trade?
Any two: organizing Roman law, building the Hagia Sophia, or reclaiming former Roman lands
Name two major accomplishments of Justinian.
shorter introduction to Roman law for students training to become lawyers.
What were the Institutes?
They stored books, copied texts, and taught people to read and write.
How did monasteries help preserve ancient Greek and Roman learning?
They disagreed about the Holy Spirit, communion bread, or whether priests could marry.
Name one other disagreement between the Eastern and Western Churches.
Explain the connection: Strategic Location -> Trade -> Wealth -> Power.
Constantinople's location encouraged trade, trade created wealth, and that wealth helped make the empire powerful.
Justinian listened to Theodora's advice and called her his "partner in my deliberations."
What evidence shows Justinian and Theodora were political partners?
New laws Justinian created after the main law collection was completed.
What were the Novels?
He was captured by raiders, taken to Ireland, and enslaved.
What happened to Patrick when he was about 16 years old?
The Pope's representatives excommunicated Patriarch Michael Cerularius, and the Patriarch excommunicated Cardinal Humbert and the Pope's representatives in return.
What event made the split between the churches official in the study guide?