Who’s the Boss?
Hypothalamus & Pituitary
Hypothalamus & Pituitary
This hypothalamic hormone stimulates the anterior pituitary to release TSH.
What is TRH?
After a meal, this hormone helps lower blood glucose by promoting glucose uptake and storage.
What is insulin?
These two pancreatic hormones have opposing effects on blood glucose.
What are insulin and glucagon?
TRH stimulates the release of this pituitary hormone.
What is TSH?
Of ADH and oxytocin, this one promotes water retention.
What is ADH/vasopressin?
This hypothalamic hormone stimulates the release of both LH and FSH.
What is GnRH?
Between meals, this hormone helps maintain blood glucose by making stored energy available.
What is glucagon?
These two hormones regulate calcium but push blood calcium in opposite directions.
What are PTH and calcitonin?
CRH stimulates the release of this pituitary hormone.
What is ACTH?
Of ADH and oxytocin, this one promotes uterine contractions and milk ejection.
What is oxytocin?
Growth hormone secretion needs to be turned down. This hypothalamic hormone does the job.
What is somatostatin/GHIH?
Blood calcium begins to fall. This hormone provides the major response that raises it.
What is PTH?
These two hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus but released from the posterior pituitary.
What are ADH and oxytocin?
TSH ultimately causes the production and release of these thyroid hormones.
What are T3 and T4?
Of TSH and ACTH, this one targets the thyroid gland.
What is TSH?
Prolactin secretion needs to be inhibited. This hypothalamic signal accomplishes it.
What is dopamine/PIH?
This adrenal hormone increases sodium retention and potassium excretion.
What is aldosterone?
One stimulates growth; the other mediates many of its growth-promoting effects.
What are GH and IGF-1?
ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to release this glucocorticoid.
What is cortisol?
Of cortisol and aldosterone, this one primarily regulates sodium and potassium balance.
Answer: What is aldosterone?
Sort these by source: TRH, TSH, T3/T4 — hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, target endocrine gland.
What is TRH → hypothalamus; TSH → anterior pituitary; T3/T4 → thyroid?
I help the kidneys conserve water by increasing water reabsorption.
ADH or vasopressin
One provides a rapid stress response; the other supports a longer-term stress response.
What are catecholamines and cortisol?
ADH levels increase. Predict what happens to urine volume and urine concentration.
Urine volume decreases and urine becomes more concentrated because more water is reabsorbed by the kidneys.
A person becomes dehydrated after prolonged sweating. Which hormone would increase, where is it synthesized, where is it released, and what is its effect?
ADH (vasopressin); synthesized in the hypothalamus, released from the posterior pituitary, and increases water reabsorption by the kidneys.