Hormone Chemistry & Mechanisms
These hormones are lipid-soluble and typically bind intracellular receptors.
What are steroid hormones?
This gland is often called the "master gland."
What is the pituitary gland?
This region of the brain controls the pituitary gland and serves as the major link between the nervous and endocrine systems.
What is the hypothalamus?
This adrenal medulla hormone has the greatest effect on increasing heart rate.
What is epinephrine?
These pancreatic cells secrete insulin.
What are beta cells?
This second messenger is commonly activated when peptide hormones bind membrane receptors.
What is cAMP?
This hormone stimulates body growth and protein synthesis.
What is growth hormone?
ADH and oxytocin are synthesized here but stored in the posterior pituitary.
What is the hypothalamus?
This adrenal cortex zone produces glucocorticoids.
What is the zona fasciculata?
Insulin promotes movement of this glucose transporter to skeletal muscle cell membranes.
What is GLUT4?
Steroid hormones alter cell function primarily by influencing this cellular process.
What is gene transcription?
This pituitary hormone stimulates the thyroid gland.
What is thyroid-stimulating hormone?
This hypothalamic hormone stimulates release of TSH from the anterior pituitary.
What is thyrotropin-releasing hormone?
ACTH primarily stimulates secretion of this adrenal hormone.
What is cortisol?
This hormone stimulates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.
What is glucagon?
This body system works closely with the endocrine system to maintain homeostasis.
What is the nervous system?
This hormone raises blood calcium levels.
What is parathyroid hormone?
A pituitary tumor causing excess GH secretion after epiphyseal closure results in this disorder.
What is acromegaly?
Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption in this portion of the nephron
What is the distal convoluted tubule (or collecting duct)?
Type 1 diabetes results primarily from destruction of these cells.
What are pancreatic beta cells?
Thyroid hormones are unusual because they are derived from this amino acid yet act like steroid hormones.
What is tyrosine?
This anterior pituitary hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex to release cortisol during periods of stress.
What is adrenocorticotropic hormone?
This vascular system directly connects the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary.
What is the hypophyseal portal system?
This endocrine pathway regulates aldosterone secretion independently of the pituitary gland.
What is the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system?
This condition results when body tissues become less responsive to insulin despite normal or elevated insulin levels.
What is insulin resistance?