Endocrine Basics
Endocrine glands release their secretions directly into this
What is the bloodstream?
Butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck
What is the thyroid gland?
Hormone that lowers blood glucose
What is insulin?
This gland is often called the “master gland”
What is the pituitary gland?
Thyroid hormones primarily regulate this body process.
What is metabolism?
Chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands
What are hormones?
Two glands located on top of the kidneys
What are the adrenal glands?
Hormone that raises blood glucose
What is glucagon?
Pituitary hormone responsible for body growth
What is growth hormone (GH)?
Mineral required for production of thyroid hormones
What is iodine?
A cell must have this for a hormone to affect it
What is a specific receptor?
Endocrine gland located in the brain that secretes melatonin
What is the pineal gland?
Hormone that increases water reabsorption by the kidneys
What is ADH?
Hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland
What is thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?
Hormone from the adrenal medulla associated with the fight-or-flight response
What is epinephrine?
This feedback mechanism helps maintain normal hormone levels
What is negative feedback?
This gland lies behind the stomach and has both endocrine and digestive functions
What is the pancreas?
Hormone that increases blood calcium levels
What is parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
Two hormones stored and released by the posterior pituitary
What are ADH and oxytocin?
Adrenal cortex hormone that causes sodium and water retention and potassium excretion
What is aldosterone?
Unlike endocrine glands, these glands release substances through ducts.
What are exocrine glands?
Four small glands usually located on the posterior thyroid
What are the parathyroid glands?
Adrenal hormone that helps the body respond to long-term stress and increases blood glucose
What is cortisol?
Brain structure that links the nervous system with the endocrine system and controls the pituitary
What is the hypothalamus?
Thyroid hormone that helps decrease blood calcium
What is calcitonin?