Anatomical Directions
Opposite to distal (ie, further away from origin)
What is proximal (ie, closer to origin)?
An area of tissue that has undergone ischemic necrosis
What is an infarct or infarction?
An 8F catheter is larger than a 6F catheter because in this measurement system, larger numbers indicate a larger outer diameter.
What is the French scale?
This term refers to anything located within the cranial cavity.
What is intracranial?
A localized collection of blood outside a vessel that remains confined to a tissue space.
What is a hematoma?
Towards the head
What is superior?
Decreased tissue blood supply leading to reduced levels of O₂, glucose, nutrients, and impaired removal of metabolic waste.
What is ischemia?
For this type of device, the French measurement usually describes the ID and not the OD
What is a sheath?
This head space contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and lies between the arachnoid and pia mater.
A tear in the arterial intima creates a false lumen within the vessel wall.
What is a dissection?
These represent the three sectional planes which are orthogonal to each other
This region of brain tissue has lost normal electrical function but remains structurally viable and can potentially be salvaged with timely reperfusion therapy.
What is the ischemic penumbra?
This French size converts to 2mm
6 French
This term refers specifically to pathology occurring within the brain tissue itself, including white and gray matter
What is intraparenchymal?
This vascular lesion is sometimes called a "false aneurysm" because its wall is not composed of normal arterial layers.
What is a pseudoaneurysm
Imagining a line in the sagittal plane splitting the left and right halves of the body evenly, this direction represents moving away from that line
What is lateral?
Low tissue oxygenation (regardless of the blood levels of oxygen)
What is hypoxia?
These device types (2 of them) represents it's diameters in both French (for outer diameter) and inches (for inner diameter)
What are catheters and microcatheters
A subdural hematoma forms in the potential space between these two meningeal layers.
What are the dura mater and arachnoid mater?
During angiography, contrast seen escaping outside the vessel lumen indicates this complication.
What is extravasation?
These represent the alternative names of coronal, sagittal and axial planes
What are frontal, longitudinal, or transverse planes?
During this stage of the ischemic cascade, excessive glutamate release causes NMDA receptor activation, calcium influx, and activation of proteases, lipases, and endonucleases.
What is excitotoxicity?
This measurement for needles goes up when the diameter goes down.
What is Guage?
This hemorrhage typically appears in the basal ganglia in patients with chronic hypertension.
hat is an intracerebral (intraparenchymal) hemorrhage?
This physiologic response results from excess fluid accumulation within tissues and can contribute to increased pressure.
What is edema?