Axis determination
These proteins establish polarity in C. elegans, Drosophila, and mouse
What are PAR proteins?
These proteins link the cell membrane to the extracellular matrix
What are integrins?
The three germ layers
What are endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm?
Control for RNAi experiment
What is RNAi for EGFP (or any gene that is not present or scrambled RNAi)?
A cell with multiple nuclei, such as the early Drosophila embryo
What is a syncitium?
Symmetry is broken in the zygote for these organisms
What are C. elegans and Xenopus?
The four main components of the basal lamina
What are perlecan (matrix polysaccharide), laminin (matrix adhesion protein), nidogen (matrix adhesion protein), type IV collagen (matrix structural protein)?
A process that results in haploid gametes
What is meiosis II?
Level of control conferred by tamoxifen over Cre-Lox system
What is temporal control?
What is aneuploid?
The AP axis is the first axis established in these organisms
What are C. elegans, Drosophila, and mouse?
Where integrins attach to fibronectin and actin filaments terminate
What are focal adhesions?
When an embryo goes from using maternally deposited transcripts to transcribing its own
What is the maternal to zygotic transition (MZT) or mid-blastula transition (MBT)?
Methods to do lineage tracing
What are Cre-Lox, injecting fluorescent reporter, etc.?
The concept that all cells in an organism contain the same DNA
What is genome equivalence?
Movement of these components by cortical rotation in Xenopus establishes the dorsal side of the embryo
What are wnt, Dishevelled, and GBP?
Fibronectin assembles into these structures in response to tension
What are fibrils?
Mode of germ cell specification that relies on inherited germplasm or maternal factors
What is autonomous?
Two methods to detect RNA
What are in situ hybridization/FISH, RT-PCR, MS2-MCP?
Organisms use the same molecules often in similar ways
What is the small toolkit?
Ligand and receptor pair that are important for specification of AP and DV axes in Drosophila
What are Gurken and Torpedo?
Minimal three amino acid recognition motif in fibronectin
What is an RGD (Arginine-Glycine-Aspartic acid) sequence?
A transcription factor that only binds its enhancer at very high concentrations
What is low affinity?
What is laser ablation?
A modification that makes DNA looser, usually increasing gene expression
What is histone acetylation?