Biomolecules
Why do we need carbohydrates such as glucose?
For energy!
What is the name of the process where substances undergo a change to form new substances?
Chemical reaction
Give one reactant and one product of cellular respiration.
Reactants: glucose, oxygen
Products: ATP, carbon dioxide, water
What is one example of an organism that uses photosynthesis?
Plants, algae, some bacteria
Give one example of a nucleic acid.
DNA, RNA
A + B → C + D
Which letters are PRODUCTS of the chemical reaction?
C and D are products (A and B are REACTANTS)
What are the THREE main stages of cellular respiration IN ORDER?
1. Glycolysis
2. Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle)
3. Oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain)
Give one reactant and one product of photosynthesis.
Reactants: sunlight, carbon dioxide, water
Products: glucose, oxygen
Biomolecules are organic, meaning they always contain which element?
Carbon (C)
What kind of reactions break bonds and release energy?
Exothermic reactions
Using one glucose molecule, how much ATP can ATP synthase make?
About 30 ATP
What are the TWO main stages of photosynthesis?
1. Light-dependent reactions
2. Light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle)
Fill in the blank:
Polymers are large molecules made up of smaller, repeating parts called __________
Monomers
What is the word that describes the thousands of chemical reactions that occur in cells to keep an organism alive?
Metabolism
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine triphosphate
During the light-dependent reactions, what releases electrons when exposed to sunlight?
Chlorophyll
What are phospholipids used to build?
Cell membranes
Why are enzymes important?
They speed up our body’s chemical reactions (i.e. makes them work faster!)
In what part of the mitochondria does the electron transport chain move protons to?
Intermembrane space (between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes)
On plants, what are the microscopic pores where CO2 enters and O2 exits called?
Stomata