Absolutism/Stuarts
What was Dissolve Parliament?
Mid-level landowners in Feudal society; answered to the highest-tier of the Gentry
Who were nobles/vassals?
Who was the Puritan commander that took over after Charles I?
Oliver Cromwell
Dutch Monarch who replaced James II
William of Orange
Your spiritual fate is known by God as soon as you are born.
What is Predestination?
Your kingdom is ordained by God, meaning your family was chosen to rule your country
What is Divine Right?
Who are the Clergy/churchworkers?
Supporters of Charles the I were called _____________, while supporters of Parliamentary Puritans were called________________
Why did Parliament seek to de-throne James II?
CaThOlIc HeIr BaD
Scale back and eliminate Catholic sacraments, eliminate Church positions tied to the King, eliminate stained glass and emphasis on Church tradition OVER Biblical study
Monarch during the English Civil War
Who is Charles I?
This house in Parliament was more directly effected by the Gentry (though BOTH houses were).
What is the House of Lords?
Characterize the causes of the English Civil War:
Charles I's repeated ignorance of Parliamentary requests
Charles I's violence/attempted arrest toward Parliamentary Puritans who opposed him
Charles I's antagonizing of Scottish Presbyterians that led to war
King could not be Roman Catholic.
Laws could be made only with the consent of Parliament.
Parliament had right of free speech.
Standing army in peace time was not legal without Parliamentary approval.
Taxation was illegal without Parliamentary approval.
Excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishments were prohibited.
Right to trial by jury, due process of law, and reasonable bail was guaranteed.
People had the right to bear arms (Protestants but not Catholics)
Provided for free elections to Parliament and it could be dissolved only by its own consent.
People had right of petition.
Describe the relationship English monarchs typically had with Calvinists
Stuarts, being Catholic-bent, were antagonistic and discriminatory; any threat of Catholicism and even sometimes Anglicanism scared off Calvinists
What are:
- Political instability over religion
- Social instability over taxation/income
- Disorganization in government (i.e. private armies)
Historic event that most historians claim ended Feudalism
What was the Renaissance?
This caused the "Rump Parliament"
John Locke's interpretation of the Glorious Revolution--*hint*: famous quote also used by the Americans in the Revolution
"Life, Liberty, and Property", the Second Treatise of Government.
Argued that it guaranteed the rights of citizens from protection against a tyrant king.
Nickname of the French Calvinists:
Who were the Huguenots?
Describe Charles II's rule when the Monarchy was reestablished after the Civil War:
Went back on promises of limiting his own power, pushed Anglican Church toward Catholicism, killed thousands of protesters during Killing Time, friendly with France which made Parliament uncomfy
Characterize the relationship between Monarchs and the Gentry--
Power ceded between each other, meaning Gentry given titles/power from monarch in exchange for their compliance
House of Lords
Religious initiatives
Describe the governance of England during the Protectorate:
No King or House of Lords
Persecution of Catholics and Anglicans--a Puritan government
Marshall Law--military control
Cromwell ruled like a dictator before they existed
Why did Scotland give up autonomy with the Act of Union 1707?
Wanted access to English commerce
Majority Presbyterian Scots feared the tyranny of the Catholic Stuarts, wanted Anglican protection
How did Calvinism influence the English Colonies?
Puritan New England, largely Protestant (dis-including Maryland) population in North America