Development of Periodic Table
Periodic Properties
Chemical Bonding
Molecular Geometry and polarity
Nomenclature
100
He discovered the first element in 1640, this was phosphorus. Now phosphorus belongs to the elements of the Periodic Table.
Who is Henning Brand?
100
The Atomic Size or Atomic Radius and Ionic Radii are the only properties. Atomic Size decreases along periods and increases down the groups. Atomic Size is the distance of the nucleus to the outermost shell.
What are the only periodic properties that do not increase along periods and decrease along groups? What does Atomic size define or stablish?
100
Is an attraction between atoms that allows the formation of chemical substances that contain two or more atoms.
What is a chemical bond?
100
Is the three dimensional arrangement of the atoms that constitute a molecule.
What is Molecular Geometry?
100
Indicates the relative number of atoms of each kind in a chemical compound. C(8) H(18) 8 carbon atoms, 18 hydrogen atoms
What is chemical formula?
200
It states that the middle element has properties that are an average of the other two members when ordered by the atomic weight. Johann Dobereiner discovered in 1829, the halogen triad (Cl, Br, I) and the alkali triad (Li, Na, K) and developed this theory
What is the Law of Triads and who developed it?
200
Atom or group of bonded atoms that have a positive or negative charge. It is the size of an ion, increases down the groups and decreases along the periods
What is an ion? What is ionic radii?
200
Ionic Bond: An electrostatic interation between atoms that have a huge electronegativity difference. An ionic bond is formed when an atom accepts or donates one or more valance electron to another atom. Covalent bond: When a sharing of valance electron happens between atoms Polar covalent bond: is formed when two atoms share valence electrons, but not equally Non polar covalent: valance electrons are shared equally Double bond: Four bonding electrons Triple bond: Six bonding electrons
What is an ionic, convalent, polar covalent, non polar, and double and triple bonds?
200
Linear: atoms are connected in a straight line Triangular planar: triangular and in one plane, flat surface. Bent: or angular, has a non linear shape. Tetrahedral: Four bonds, all on one central atom with no extra unshaped electron pair Octahedral: Eight bonds Pyramidal: Like shapes pyramidal shapes require three demensions in order to fully separate the electrons.
What are the different molecular shapes and how do they look like?
200
Ions formed from a single atom Compounds composed of two elements Br MgBr(2)
What are monoatomic ions and binary compounds?
300
Beguyer de Chancourtois made the first Periodic Table. In his periodic table he proposed the the properties of an element are the properties of numbers, and said that the properties of the elements reoccur every seven elements.
Who developed the first periodic table and how did he developed it?
300
Energy required to remove one electron from a neutral atom. Increaseas through periods and decrease down the groups.
What is Ionization Energy?
300
The forces of attraction which act between neighboring particles.
What is and intermolecular force?
300
Valance shell electron pair repulsion rules are a model used to predict the shape of individual molecules based upon the extent of electron pair electrostatic repulsion
What is VSEPR theory?
300
Naming system of binary ionic compounds This naming system first combines the names of the positive and negative ions, cation´s name goes first and anion second When a monoatomic ion (ions that form from a single element) is combined with a polyatomic ion the written compound name will end in ´´ate´´, if two monoatomic ions are combined the compound name will end in ´´ide´´
What is nomenclature and how does it work?
400
1864 proposed the Law of octaves: any given element will exhibit analogous behavior to the eighth element following in the table
What law did John Newlands propose?
400
The energy change that occurs when an electron is acquired by a neutral atom. Increases through periods, decreases down the groups.
What is electron affinity?
400
Attractive force between the positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of another polar molecule. The electronmagnetic attractive interaction of a hydrogen atom and a electronegative atom.
What is Dipole-dipole forces? What is Hydrogen bonds?
400
Mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals suitable for the qualitative description of atomic bonding properties
What is hybridization?
400
Uses roman numerals to indicate ions charge, or the number of valance electrons (oxidation number) if the element has more than one. Fe(ll) Fe(lll) The prefixes are used to tell us the number of atoms in the molecule. Sulfur Hexaflouride SF(6)
What is the Stock system of nomenclature? What is the old system of numenclature?
500
First scientist, published and abreviated version of the periodic table, and elements were listed according to atomic weight, then he created an extended version. Second scientist, proposed the Periodic Law: states that there is a periodic recurrence of chemical and physical properties of the elements when the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic weight. Third scientist, developed the Modern Periodic Law: Proposed the Periodic Law: states that there is a periodic recurrence of chemical and physical properties of the elements when the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number. Fourth scientist, discovered plutonium and all the transuranci elements from 94 to 102. He reconfigured the periodic table by placing the actinide series below the lanthanide series. Seoborgium (element) named after him.
What were the contributions and/or laws that Lothar Meyer, Dimitri Mendelev, Henry Moseley and Glenn Seaborg developed?
500
How strongly one atom attacts the electrons of another atom within a compound. Increase across periods decrease down the groups.
What is Electronegativity?
500
EN of C is 2.5 l2.5-2.5l= 0= non polar covalent
What is the type of bond of C-C?
500
A separation of electric charge leading to a molecule or its chemical groups having and electric dipole or multipole
What is polarity?
500
Consists in a method of balancing the charges between ions in a ionic compound. Al(3)O(2) cross the oxidations numbers Al(2)O(3) simplify if necessary
What is the criss cross method?
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