DNA Structure
DNA vs RNA
Replication
Transcription
Translation
100
Who is credited with discovering the structure of DNA?
James Watson and Francis Crick
100
_____________is single stranded while _____________ is double stranded.
RNA is single stranded, DNA is double stranded
100
Why is DNA replicated?
So that when the cell divides there will be DNA for each of the two daughter cells
100
Why does DNA need to make RNA in order to make proteins?
Because DNA can't leave the nucleus, so it must make RNA to get it's information out into the cytoplasm in order to make proteins.
100
Where in the cell does translation take place?
Cytoplasm, on the ribosomes
200
What are the 4 types of nitrogenous bases found in DNA?
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
200
True or false: DNA can leave the nucleus while RNA cannot.
False
200
During which stage/phase does DNA replication occur?
Interphase (S1)
200
Given this DNA strand: TAG CAC TGG, what RNA strand will it make?
AUC GUG ACC
200
What is a sequence of 3 nucleotides called?
codon
300
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
300
What does RNA stand for?
Ribonucleic acid
300
One side of the DNA strand is ATG TTA GCC. What is the complimentary side?
TAC AAT CGG
300
What is the Central Dogma theory?
That information must flow from DNA to RNA to proteins
300
What does the tRNA molecule bring to the ribosome?
amino acids
400
What are the three main parts that make up the DNA molecule?
5-carbon sugar (pentose), phosphate group, nitrogenous base
400
What are the four nitrogenous bases found on RNA?
Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine and Uracil
400
What is the enzyme that "unzips" the DNA molecule called?
Helicase
400
What is the enzyme called that binds to the template DNA strand and adds complimentary nucleotides to make RNA?
RNA polymerase
400
A ribosome will read a strand of mRNA until what happens?
It reaches a stop codon
500
Name the two nitrogenous bases that are pyrimidines
Cytosine and Thymine
500
What are the three types of RNA?
tRNA (transfer RNA) mRNA (messenger RNA) rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
500
What is the enzyme called that binds the complimentary base pairs to make a new DNA strand called?
DNA polymerase
500
What happens during mRNA processing?
Introns are removed and the exons are stuck back together
500
How are the amino acids linked together?
Peptide bonds
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