Various arrangements of people living together with children and possibly other generations of relatives.
What are family structures?
100
Causes a wasting away of the child's body. This condition can result from prolonged absence of emotional nurturance as well as from malnutrition, and affected infants typically show delays in motor and intellectual development.
What is failure to thrive syndrome?
100
An action repeated because it produced a favorable response or was taught via the reinforcing response of another. This develops rapidly in the early stages of cognitive growth.
What is learned behavior?
100
Healthy emotional ties to caregivers. Babies develop emotional bonds to the significant caregivers in their lives.
What is secure attachment?
100
One's own set of beliefs, values, perception, and assumptions that develop from one's upbringing, past experience, and personal philosophy of life; bias can include and unfair preference for or dislike of something or someone.
What is biases?
200
Contrived methods for external control, as well as interaction with and extension of the development of naturally unfolding internal mechanisms and motivations for self-control and self-discipline.
What is child guidance?
200
Also called empiricists. They believe that behavior and learning result from external forces such as reinforcement; they focus on external strategies for guidance.
What are behaviorists?
200
Teaching a new response triggered by a new stimulus by pairing it repeatedly with a stimulus for which there is a physiological reflex (sometimes called PAVLOVIAN conditioning).
What is classical conditioning?
200
Reflecting the feelings expressed by someone else-repeating what you understood someone to say.
What is mirror?
200
Using objective observations to think about and express ideas, explanations, and perceptions of what happened.
What is subjective interpretations?
300
Early education and care that is carefully planned to match the diverse interest, abilities, and cultural needs of children at various ages and that is carried out with respect for and in cooperation with their families.
What is developmentally appropriate practices (DAP)?
300
Believe that behavior and learning hinge on internal process. They focus on non-intrusive ways to support children's naturally developing self-control.
What is maturationists?
300
A kind of learning that occurs when a spontaneous behavior is either reinforced by a reward of discouraged by punishment.
What is operant conditioning?
300
Interactive style relying on one-way communication, rigid rules, and punishment -"sledgehammer."
What is authoritarian style?
300
Describing what happens without making judgments. Can be seen, heard, smelled, tasted, or touched.
What is objective observations?
400
Teachers and parents working together as a cooperative, respectful, and cohesive partnership.
What is a parent-teacher resource team?
400
Believe that behavior and learning result from the interactions between internal development and external environment; they study child development, observe the child, and prepare a developmentally appropriate environment.
What is constructivists?
400
The ability to reflect on or evaluates one's behavior or action.
What is metacognition?
400
Interactive style relying on neglect, abdication of responsibility, or over-indulgence-"doormat."
What is permissive style?
400
Descriptive qualities and characteristics of behaviors.
What is qualitative information?
500
Clusters of personality traits with individual and distinctive behavioral patterns.
What is temperament?
500
Scientists who study behaviors of living creatures in terms of natural process in natural settings.
What are ethologists?
500
A person's inability to take action to make his or her life better, arising out of a sense of not being in control.
What is learned helplessness?
500
Interactive style relying on two-way communication, collaboratively developed rules, and positive guidance-"the guide."
What is authoritative style?
500
Measurable numerical data and statistical calculations that tell how often or what degree behaviors occur.