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100
Explain what antiparallel means in regards to DNA.
5' end and 3' end contain different molecules as the backbones run in opposite directions
100
What are the major players in transcription and translation?
RNA, tRNA, Ribosomes, Codons,
100
Why did Thomas Hunt Morgan do experiments on fruit flies?
Model organisms for humans, small, reproduce quickly, easy to see phenotypic differences, small number of chromosomes
100
Define linked genes
Genes that are located close to each other on chromosomes and will often be inherited together
100
Compare genotype and phenotype
Phenotype is the physical representation of the gene while the genotype is the set of genes the organism carries. Can have different genotypes with the same phenotype (Pp and PP)
200
Explain the different types of selection: Directional vs. stabilizing vs. disruptive. Chapter 21.
directional:targets one extreme side (very small or very large) , stabilizing:targets middle(medium sized), disruptive: targets both sides of extremes (small and large) page 411 mouse graphs.
200
Explain the many differences between meiosis and mitosis
Mitosis: 1 cycle, results in identical diploid cells, Meiosis: 2 cycles, results in 4 haploid gametes,
200
Compare the types of mutations in mRNA. Pair Substitutions: silent, missense, nonsense. Insertion vs deletion.
Silent: switch in nucleotide that has no effect. Missense: switch in nucleotide that does have an effect on resulting amino acid. Nonsense: switch that creates a stop codon and stops transcription early. Insertion and deletion both cause frame shifts, possibly the most harmful.
200
Explain crossing over
Crossing over occurs during prophase 1 of meiosis when homologous chromosome pairs attach and share pieces of chromosomes with eachother
200
Explain binary fission
Bacterial method of replication, one single circular strand of DNA, page 193
300
Explain dominant and recessive genes?
Dominant genes are the ones that are expressed, while recessive genes are masked by the dominant ones. You still have the traits, but only the dominant ones (or double recessive ones) will show.
300
Explain the effects of genetic drift
significant in small populations, causes allele frequencies to change at random, can lead to a loss of genetic variation, can fix harmful alleles.
300
Explain the differences between deletion, duplication, inversion, and translocation in genes
Page 241
300
Explain the differences between pre-zygotic and post-zygotic barriers.
Pre-zygotic: in regards to mating. Post-zygotic: after the zygote begins to develop. Page 420
300
Explain transformation, chapter 13
Figure 13.2
400
Draw the photosynthesis diagram on the board WITHOUT LOOKING IN BOOK FIRST.
page 159
400
Explain Rubisco
most abundant enzyme on earth, involved in carbon fixation, necessary for photosynthesis to occur, calvin cycle
400
Explain the stages of the cell cycle: G1, S, G2, Mitotic Phase
G1: first stage of growth. S: DNA duplication and continued cell growth. G2: more growth. Mitotic Phase: Mitosis occurs
400
compare aerobic and anaerobic reactions
aerobic involve oxygen
500
compare oxidation and reduction
LEO GER. Lose electron: oxidation. Gain electron: reduction. page 136
500
Draw the cellular respiration diagram WITHOUT LOOKING IN BOOK FIRST
page 147
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