The biggest problem with using twins and adopted children to study the link between genes, the environment, and behavior.
What is the fact that they are rare/do not represent the general population?
100
Unlike twin and adoption research, these are more representative of the general population.
What are family studies?
100
Wahlstein (1997) claims that transferring an infant from a low-SES environment to a high-SES environment improved their childhood IQ scores by this much.
What is 12-16 points?
100
This theory suggests that those members of a species who have characteristics which are better suited to the environment will be more likely to breed and pass on those traits.
What is the theory of natural selection?
200
The scientific names for identical and fraternal twins.
What are monozygotic and dizygotic twins?
200
This occurs when adoption agencies try to place children with families that are similar in as many ways as possible to the natural parents.
What is selective placement?
200
This pioneer developed an intelligence test in order to improve the French education system.
Who is Alfred Binet?
200
These researchers found that correlations between parent and child IQs change over time, suggesting a role for both nature and nurture in intelligence.
Who are Plomin & Petrill (1997)?
200
This is one of the biggest problems with evolutionary theories: the researchers may be seeing what they want to see and ignoring information that contradicts their ideas.
What is the confirmation bias?
300
The correlation found in twin studies.
What is the concordance rate?
300
People in this movement believed it was important to identify people with “good genes” and encourage their reproduction to produce healthy offspring; it led to many discriminatory practices.
What is eugenics?
300
This study compared MZAs (monozygotic twins raised apart) with MZTs (monozygotic twins raised together) and suggested that 70% of intelligence can be attributed to genetic factors.
What is the Minnesota Twin Study?
300
This refers to the rise of the average scores on intelligence in most parts of the world over the last century.
What is the Flynn effect?
300
Dan Fessler argues that this emotion allows us to live longer, healthier lives because it helps us avoid situations/substances that could harm our immune systems.
What is disgust?
400
The susceptibility or tendency to have a certain quality.
What is predisposition?
400
The assumption that twins who are raised together have the same experiences growing up.
What is the equal environment assumption?
400
Two separate studies focused on IQ correlations between parents and both their natural and biological children, and found no significant differences between both. Name one of the studies.
What is Scarr & Weinberg (1977) OR Horn et al. (1979)?
400
This explanation for the origin of depression argues that the disorder may be the result of the interaction of a "genetic vulnerability" and traumatic environmental stimuli in early childhood.
What is the diathesis-stress model of depression?
400
This theory deals with the evolution of characteristics due to reproductive advantage (instead of survival advantage)
What is the theory of sexual selection?
500
This field of study deals with understanding how both genetics and the environment contribute to individual variations in human behavior.
What is behavioral genetics?
500
The statistical synthesis of data from a set of similar studies of a problem that yields a quantitative summary of the pooled results.
What is a meta-analysis?
500
Hainer et al. (1988) studied individuals using a PET scan and found that individuals with high IQs had lower metabolic rates than individuals with low IQs during problem solving tasks. This is known as the ______________.
What is the less effort hypothesis?
500
Since genetic testing can reveal sensitive information and, if misused, could lead to discrimination (such as the inability to find a job or health insurance), it is supremely important that this ethical consideration is strictly observed.
What is confidentiality?
500
Barbara Frederickson (1998) proposed this model or theory to explain why positive emotions, such as gratitude, evolved.
What is the Broaden and Build Theory of Positive Emotions?