Vocabulary
Experiences a constant flow of energy and materials; never reaches equilibrium
What is an open system?
Type of energy associated with motion
What is kinetic?
In the process of cellular respiration, oxygen is reduced to:
Turns twice per molecule of glucose oxidized
What is the Krebs Cycle? (CAC/TCA Cycle)
Number of pyruvate yielded from glycolysis
What is 2?
Defined as the sum of all the biochemical reactions in the body
What is metabolism?
Explains how energy transfer is not perfect; some energy is lost as heat
What is the Second Law of Thermodynamics?
Glycolysis occurs in both the presence and absence of oxygen; it is therefore termed:
What is anaerobic?
Comprised of the Electron Transport Chain and Chemiosmosis
What is Oxidative Phosphorylation?
Per turn, the CAC yields _______ NADH
What is 3?
A direct pathway of generating ATP from ADP and an inorganic phosphate
What is oxidative phosphorylation?
The energy that must be put into all chemical reactions
When all enzymes have their active sites engaged, the enzyme is:
What is saturated?
Intermediary step of cellular respiration
What is pyruvate oxidation?
Our electron carriers move from oxidized to reduced by combining with what?
What are hydrogen ions (H+)?
Described by a ΔG<0
What is an exergonic reaction?
The two factors that must be constant when calculating free energy
What are temperature and pressure?
Binds to an enzyme at the allosteric site, causing a decrease in activity
What is a non-competitive inhibitor?
Occurs outside the mitochondria
What is glycolysis?
In cellular respiration, what is the reducing agent?
What is glucose (C6H12O6)?
Substrate-level phosphorylation generates ATP using these
What are phosphorylated intermediates?
Cellular respiration can be categorized as this type of energy
What is chemical energy?
While catalysts speed up a chemical reaction by lowering EA; they do not change:
What is ΔG?
Only step of cellular respiration that requires ATP input (specifically!)
What is the energy investment phase of glycolysis?
Cells regulate the activity of enzymes (and product formation) using this process
What is feedback inhibition?