Macromolecules
The prefix 'Macro' means
Large
Cell theory states that cells are _______________
Cells are the basic and structural unit of all living things
What is the role of sunlight in photosynthesis
Provide energy to split water and carbon dioxide to produce glucose.
'DNA' Means
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?
Interphase (S phase).
A seal living in Arctic waters depends on a thick layer beneath its skin that provides insulation and long-term energy storage. Which macromolecule makes up most of this layer?
Lipids
A toxin damages the mitochondria of a cell. What process would be most directly affected?
Cellular respiration
A fish tank is covered so no light reaches the aquatic plants. How will oxygen levels in the tank change over time and why
Oxygen levels will decrease as photosynthesis will not occur without the presence of light
Create the complementary DNA STRAND
ATC-GCG-ATA-CCG
TAG -CGC - TAT-GGC
Crossing Over
Why is it important that the bonds between the complementary nitrogen base pairs of
DNA are weak hydrogen bonds?
to more easily separate DNA strands during replication
A cell sample were observed and it was noted that these cells had a flagella ( tail) and DNA coiled in the center of the cell. What type of cell was being observed?
Prokaryotic cells
change this chemical equation to a worded equation
6CO2 +6 H2O + Sunlight = C6 H12 O6 + 6O2
Carbon dioxide + water+ sunlight = glucose+ Oxygen
A type of Nucleic Acid was extracted from a cell. The nucleotide sequence AUG-CUA- UAG- CAU was observed. What type of nucleic acid is this.
MRNA /RNA
In which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles?
Anaphase
A nucleotides combine together to form ______________ macromolecules
Nucleic Acids
these organelles are exculsive in plant cells.
Cell wall, chloroplast and a permanent Vacuole
Cells like bacteria and yeast do not contain mitochondria. Where and How do these cells produce energy
anaerobic in the cytoplasm
DNA → mRNA
mRNA → Protein
A skin cell contains 46 chromosomes. After mitosis, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell contain?
46
Protein
A scientist finds a cell with many mitochondria but no chloroplasts. The cell requires large amounts of energy for movement. What type of organism might it belong to?
Animal cell
An athlete's muscles begin producing lactic acid during a race. Why?
The muscles are not getting enough oxygen for aerobic respiration so energy is produced anaerobically.
A mutation occurs in the DNA sequence of a gene that codes for a protein. Trace the path by which this mutation could affect the organism's traits.
The mutation changes the DNA sequence → may alter the mRNA during transcription → may change the amino acid sequence during translation → may alter the protein's structure and function → may affect the organism's trait.
A cell cycle is disrupted so that DNA replication occurs repeatedly without mitosis. Predict what would happen to the cell and explain why.
The cell would contain multiple copies of its DNA and become abnormally large because chromosomes would continue to replicate without being separated into daughter cells.