Terminology Part 1
an increase in the frequency of a disease above the usual
Epidemic
Smoking, exposure to pollution, poor nutrition
Risk factors
A sudden increase in the number of cases signifies an epidemic and calls for
An epidemiologic investigation
found in the water of a cooling tower used for air conditioning
Treatment group is exposed to the intervention, while a control group is not exposed.
Intervention Study
The father of modern epidemiology
John Snow
The rate of new cases of a disease in a defined population over a period of time
Incidence Rate
Asking the who, where, and when questions
Shoeleather epidemiology
Water supplied by Southwark and Vauxhall Company were the source of
Cholera outbreak
Each subject is assigned to the treatment group or the control group at random
Randomized
Data on deaths and births
Vital Statistics
Epidemiologists may plot the number of cases identified over a period of time
Epidemic curve
People who have the disease
Cases
A natural substance, a component of proteins that had been publicized as a treatment for insomnia, depression, and pre-menstrual symptoms.
L-Tryptophan
Both the patient and the physician are unaware of whether the patient is taking the treatment or placebo
Double blinded
These conditions are usually infectious diseases whose spread can be prevented by taking the appropriate actions.
Notifiable diseases
A disease that has been passed from one person to another
Propogated-source outbreak
The ratio of the incidence rate for persons exposed to the factor to the incidence rate for persons in the exposed group
Relative Risk
A study launched in 1948 to investigate factors that might be causing health problems
The Framingham Heart Study
Large numbers of healthy people are studied overtime and questioned about their exposures
Cohort
The total number of cases existing in a defined population at a specific time.
Prevalence
Most victims were exposed to the virus at the same time and probably the same place
Common-source outbreak
Case control studies estimate the strength of the association between exposure and disease by calculating this
Odds ratio
Babies born with microcephaly were found to be connected with
Zika virus
Begin with people who are already ill and look back in time to determine their exposure
Case control