Diagnostics
A better prognosis for Schizophrenia is associated with all of the following except:
a) Female gender
b) An early onset of symptoms
c) A family history of a mood disorder
d) The presence of a precipitating event
b) An early onset of symptoms
The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) was designed as a measure of receptive vocabulary for:
A. adolescents and adults with a visual impairment.
B. children and adolescents with a hearing impairment.
C. children, adolescents, and adults with autism.
D. children, adolescents, and adults with a motor or speech impairment.
D. children, adolescents, and adults with a motor or speech impairment.
A former client owes you over $600.00 in therapy fees and you are considering using a collection agency to collect the money she owes you. As an ethical psychologist, you should:
A. decide not to do so because using a collection agency is prohibited by the ethical guidelines.
B. do so only if you had informed the client at the beginning of therapy that you would do so if she did not pay her fees in a timely manner.
C. contact the client first to inform her of your intent to use a collection agency if she does not pay her outstanding fees by a specific date.
D. use a collection agency only as a last resort.
C. contact the client first to inform her of your intent to use a collection agency if she does not pay her outstanding fees by a specific date.
Freud described countertransference as the analyst's transference to the patient, which may interfere with the analyst's functioning in therapy. More recently, psychoanalysts have begun to view countertransference as:
a) even more detrimental than Freud to the normal progress of therapy.
b) an aid for the analyst for gaining insight into the patient's inner world.
c) an aid for the analyst in helping the client recognize how his/her behavior impacts on others.
d) an opportunity for the analyst to respond to the client in an authentic way.
b) an aid for the analyst for gaining insight into the patient's inner world
According to Howard et al.'s (1996) phase model, which of the following is most likely to be affected during the first few sessions of psychotherapy?
a) coping skills
b) severity of symptoms
c) insight
d) feelings of hopelessness
d) feelings of hopelessness
Research on job satisfaction suggests that it:
A. is a relatively stable trait and is minimally affected by job changes.
B. is relatively stable within the same job but unstable when measured across different jobs.
C. is relatively unstable and varies over time both within the same job and across different jobs.
D. may be stable or unstable within and across jobs depending on the characteristics of the particular worker.
A. is a relatively stable trait and is minimally affected by job changes.
The revised learned helplessness model proposed by Abramson, Metalsky, and Alloy (1989) identifies ___________ as the key contributor to depression.
a) a high rate of self-punishment
b) emotional oversensitivity
c) the depressive cognitive triad
d) hopelessness
d) hopelessness
Superordinate goals have been found useful for:
A. clarifying roles.
B. maximizing satisfaction and motivation.
C. reducing intergroup conflict.
D. increasing feelings of self-efficacy.
C. reducing intergroup conflict.
Can be achieved only through intergroup cooperation. Introduction of superordinate goals was the most effective way for reducing intergroup hostility.
The assumption underlying dialectical behavior therapy (Linehan, 1993) as a treatment for Borderline Personality Disorder is that this disorder is caused by:
a) pervasive emotion dysregulation.
b) dysfunctional object relations.
c) coercive family interactions.
d) a lack of response-contingent reinforcement.
a) pervasive emotion dysregulation.
In the case of Larry P. v. Riles, the court ruled that IQ tests:
A. are culturally fair.
B. are racially and culturally biased.
C. are valid predictors of job performance for members of minority groups when used in conjunction with other measures.
D. are valid measures of intelligence for members of minority groups when administered by an examiner of the same race/ethnicity.
B. are racially and culturally biased.
IQ tests are racially and culturally biased and, therefore, should not be used as placement tools for minority children.
Which of the following best describes ethical guidelines regarding sexual intimacies with former therapy clients?
Select one:
A. Psychologists are prohibited from having sexual intimacies with former therapy clients under any circumstances.
B. Psychologists are prohibited from having sexual intimacies with former therapy clients for at least one year following the termination of therapy.
C. Psychologists are prohibited from having sexual intimacies with former therapy clients in certain circumstances (e.g., when there is a risk of exploitation).
D. Psychologists are not prohibited from having sexual intimacies with former therapy clients.
C. Psychologists are prohibited from having sexual intimacies with former therapy clients in certain circumstances (e.g., when there is a risk of exploitation).
(Sexual intimacies with former therapy clients may be acceptable two years after termination of therapy when certain conditions are met (e.g., when there is no exploitation of the client.)
The belief that a child's misbehavior has one of four goals - i.e., attention, revenge, power, or to display inadequacy - is most consistent with:
a) Adler's individual psychology.
b) Beck's cognitive-behavioral therapy.
c) Perls' Gestalt therapy.
d) Mahler's object relations theory.
a) Adler's individual psychology.
From the perspective of feminist therapy, therapist self-disclosure is:
a) contraindicated because it puts the client in a passive role.
b) necessary during the early stages of therapy to encourage the client's participation.
c) a means of fostering a special bond between the client and the therapist.
d) useful for promoting an egalitarian relationship between the therapist and client.
d) useful for promoting an egalitarian relationship between the therapist and client.
A group's performance on a(n) __________ task is limited by the performance of the least skilled or knowledgeable member of the group.
A. additive
B. compensatory
C. disjunctive
D. conjunctive
D. conjunctive
On a conjunctive task, the performance of the least competent member places a limit on the group's product or performance. Mountain climbing is an example of a conjunctive task.
Marlatt and Gordon (1985) describe which of the following as the result of an "overlearned habit pattern"?
a) parasuicidal behavior
b) substance addiction
c) hypochondriasis
d) paraphilias
b) substance addiction
A(n) __________ seizure is characterized by a loss of consciousness without prominent motor symptoms.
Select one:
A. atonic
B. absence
C. clonic
D. simple partial
B. absence
The prognosis for a child with autism is best if the child:
a) does not have delays in motor development.
b) displays some ability to communicate verbally by age five or six.
c) has one or more savant abilities.
d) does not have a family history of a mental disorder.
b) displays some ability to communicate verbally by age five or six.
The developer of a new occupational interest test conducts a study to determine which test items accurately distinguish between people who are employed in different occupations. This test developer is using which of the following methods of scale construction?
Select one:
A. empirical criterion keying
B. homogeneous keying
C. factor analysis
D. multiple regression analysis
A. empirical criterion keying
Involves choosing items for different scales on the basis of how well the items distinguish between different criterion groups.
In most situations, the "holder of the privilege" is:
A. the therapist.
B. the client.
C. the therapist and client jointly.
D. the court.
B. the client.
The primary goal of a newly developed community-based mental health program is to help people recently released from a psychiatric hospital adjust to life in the community. This is an example of:
a) primary prevention.
b) secondary prevention.
c) tertiary prevention.
d) crisis intervention.
c) tertiary prevention.
Replacing a "failure identity" with a "success identity" is a goal of treatment for practitioners of _______ therapy.
a) Gestalt
b) reality
c) solution-focused
d) Adlerian
b) reality
According to Fiedler's contingency model of leadership, high LPC leaders:
A. are always more effective than low LPC leaders.
B. are more effective than low LPC leaders in moderately favorable situations.
C. elicit less trust from supervisees than do low LPC leaders.
D. elicit less intrinsic motivation from supervisees than do low LPC leaders.
B. are more effective than low LPC leaders in moderately favorable situations.
Low LPC leaders are most effective in low and high favorable situations, while high LPC leaders are most effective in moderately favorable situations.
Children with Tourette's Disorder frequently exhibit significant problems in learning. This is most likely attributable to:
a) language disabilities.
b) attention deficits and hyperactivity.
c) lower-than-average IQ.
d) peer and other social problems.
b) attention deficits and hyperactivity
Which of the following is consistent with the predictions of the James-Lange theory?
A. I think, therefore I am.
B. I'm trembling, so I must be scared.
C. It's noon so I must be hungry.
D. That was a great birthday surprise, so I must be happy.
B. I'm trembling, so I must be scared.
The psychological experience of emotion follows bodily responses to external stimuli.
For children and adolescents, a diagnosis of Cyclothymic Disorder requires the presence of symptoms for at least:
a) six months.
b) twelve months. requires presence of sxs for at least 2 years in adults and 1 year in kids and teens
c) twenty-four months.
d) thirty-six months.
b) twelve months.
On the Rorschach Inkblot Test, confabulation is most suggestive of which of the following?
A. giftedness
B. antisocial personality disorder
C. an attempt to fake bad
D. organic brain dysfunction
D. organic brain dysfunction
Confabulation is associated with cognitive impairment, especially impairment related to organic brain dysfunction.
Dr. Jones, a clinical psychologist, has been seeing Lisa L. in therapy for one month. Dr. Jones considers Lisa to be a very attractive woman and finds himself having sexual fantasies about her. As an ethical psychologist, Dr. Jones should:
Select one:
A. recognize that such attraction is normal but proceed with caution.
B. confess his attraction to Lisa and make it a topic for mutual examination in therapy.
C. recognize that such attraction is inappropriate and refer Lisa to another therapist without explaining the reason to her.
D. continue working with Lisa but consult with a colleague if he believes his attraction might be interfering with his objectivity.
D. continue working with Lisa but consult with a colleague if he believes his attraction might be interfering with his objectivity.
Carl Jung believed that a client's transference:
Select one:
a) is a fantasy that distracts the client from reality.
b) represents mixed feelings toward the therapist.
c) is a form of "acting out."
d) reflects the clients personal and collective unconscious.
d) reflects the clients personal and collective unconscious.
Prochaska and DiClemente's (1982) stages of change (transtheoretical) model predicts that a person in the __________ stage plans to take action within the next six months that will alter his/her problematic behavior.
a) action
b) contemplation
c) preparation
d) precontemplation
b) contemplation
Donald Super's _____________ graphically depicts the correspondence between an individual's life roles and life stages.
A. life career rainbow
B. life staircase
C. mandala
D. octagon
A. life career rainbow
Research on Helms' White Racial Identity Development Model suggests that a White therapist will usually be most successful when working with a client from an ethnic/racial minority group when the therapist is in which stage?
a) reintegration
b) immersion-emersion
c) autonomy
d) integrative awareness
c) autonomy
In terms of age, Erikson's ________ stage of psychosocial development corresponds to Freud's phallic stage.
A. industry vs. inferiority
B. autonomy vs. shame and doubt
C. basic trust vs. mistrust
D. initiative vs. guilt
D. initiative vs. guilt
Characteristic of children aged 3 to 6 years and corresponds to Freud's phallic stage.
According to the catecholamine hypothesis:
a) mania is due to a deficiency in norepinephrine.
b) depression is due to a deficiency in norepinephrine.
c) mania is due to excessive acetylcholine.
d) depression is due to excessive acetylcholine.
b) depression is due to a deficiency in norepinephrine.
A psychologist administers the MMPI-2 to a 36-year old man who exhibits a number of symptoms that are suggestive of neurosis. The man receives a very low K Scale score, and, on the basis of this score, the psychologist can tentatively conclude that the man:
A. tried to present himself in a favorable light.
B. is very self-critical.
C. has a personality disorder.
D. may have an organic brain disorder.
B. is very self-critical.
Indicates excessive frankness or self-criticism or an attempt to "fake bad."
Dr. Harold Hanson, a psychologist who heads the personnel committee at a mental health facility, recommends that a psychologist who has an unresolved charge of sexual harassment against him not be considered for a promotion. In terms of his ethical responsibilities, Dr. Hanson:
A. has acted ethically since sexual harassment is explicitly prohibited by the ethical guidelines.
B. has acted ethically as long as he is willing to consider the psychologist for promotion if he is acquitted of the harassment charge.
C. has acted ethically as long as his decision is consistent with the stated promotion policy of the mental health facility.
D. has acted unethically by violating the requirements of the ethical guidelines regarding employment procedures.
D. has acted unethically by violating the requirements of the ethical guidelines regarding employment procedures.
Prohibits denying a person a promotion "based solely upon their having made or their being the subject of an ethics complaint." Note that this prohibition does not necessarily preclude doing so when a charge against a person has been proven (in the situation described in this question, the charge is unresolved).
Smith, Glass, and Miller's (1980) meta-analysis of the psychotherapy outcome research found that people receiving therapy are "better off" than about _____% of people who need treatment but do not receive it.
a) 45
b) 55
c) 80
d) 95
c) 80
A family therapist using the structural approach of Salvador Minuchin would most likely:
a) clarify boundaries between family members in order to reduce enmeshment.
b) work initially with the most differentiated family member.
c) use a multiple-therapist team to prevent any one therapist from becoming "triangulated" into the family system.
d) issue specific "directives" designed to counteract dysfunctional processes.
a) clarify boundaries between family members in order to reduce enmeshment.
A manager who adheres to the principles of "scientific management" would most likely agree with which of the following?
A. Employees view work as natural as play and actively seek autonomy and responsibility.
B. An employee's relationships with his/her coworkers are important determinants of job satisfaction.
C. Because employees value money more than other incentives, pay is the most effective motivator.
D. An employee's unfulfilled needs take precedence over other needs, and rewards should be determined accordingly.
C. Because employees value money more than other incentives, pay is the most effective motivator.
Taylor believed that employees are motivated primarily by economic self-interest and, therefore, that money is the most effective motivator.
The Buckley Amendment establishes:
A. the right of parents or legal guardians of a child to inspect the child's school records.
B. the right of patients to have access to their own hospital records.
C. the requirement for employers to make reasonable modifications to tests for applicants with disabilities.
D. the requirement for schools to provide a free appropriate public education to students with disabilities.
A. the right of parents or legal guardians of a child to inspect the child's school records.
The Buckley Amendment states that any school district may be denied federal funds if parents or other legal guardians of students or students who have reached the age of majority are not given access to the students' school records.
Alice, age 14, is certain that everyone is looking at her because she has a large blemish in the middle of her forehead. According to Elkind (1967), Alice's belief is a manifestation of:
A. self-conscious emotions.
B. the personal fable.
C. social referencing.
D. the imaginary audience.
D. the imaginary audience.