Healthcare ethics and values
Patient welfare and protection
Definitions
PRN of healthcare
Random
100

Set of moral rules helps healthcare workers determine what is right and wrong in their conduct.


Ethics

100

If child abuse is suspected, healthcare professionals must…

Report it immediately to their supervisor or directly to a higher authority that can look into it

100

Battery?

Unauthorized touching of a person 

100

What is autonomy?

  • Patients have right to make own decisions

    • May choose type of treatment
    • May choose to refuse treatment
100

Good Samaritan Laws

  • Protect individuals who give care in emergency situations
  • Includes health care professions when they volunteer to give care in emergency situations 
  • Best to stay within scope of training
200

Establish priorities and influenced by family, religion, education, and personal experiences

Personal values 

200

Neglect, financial exploitation, physical mistreatment, mental/emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and abandonment are the six forms of this…


Elder abuse 

200

Assault?

A violent physical or verbal attack, or in legal terms, an intentional threat or attempt to cause physical harm or offensive contact to another person (to put it simply,  either a threat or act of aggressive contact)

200

Types of consent

  • Implied consent
    • Indicated by patient’s actions
  • Express consent
    • Given in writing
    • - Provider not protected if pt signed under pressure
200

Types of contracts

  • Implied
    • Actions of parties create and carry out contract
    • Giving emergency treatment is also a form of implied consent 
  • Express 
    • Discussion and agreement on specific terms and conditions
    • Can be written or oral 
    • Avoid statements that might be interpreted as a contract  (Guarantee / False hope)
300

Which of the following is NOT an ethical dilemma?

  • Gun control
  • Capital punishment
  • Having poor and rude attitude
  • Freedom of speech
300

Billing insurance for unperformed treatments, charging insured patients higher prices than uninsured ones, and selling unproven medical devices are examples of this…

Healthcare fraud 

300

Implied consent?

Permission for procedures indicated by the patient’s ACTIONS; for example, showing up for a medical appointment. Or in an emergency situation when the patient is unable to give consent.

300

What are laws that protect?

  • Occupational Safety and Health Act (1970)
    • Established by federal government 
    • Requires employers to be responsible for safety and health of employees
    • Protection from contracting contagious diseases (Exposure control Plan) 
  • Controlled Substances Act
    • Federal Law regulated by DEA
    • Helps prevent abuse of addictive drugs
    • Provides guidelines for prescribing and handling
300

Libel

Disclosing information in writing

400

Ethics are mainly influenced by..

Influenced by religion, history, and collective experiences

400

Which of the following do NOT continually protect patients medically?

1. Office for Civil Rights (OCR)

2. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

3. Privacy Act of 1974 (if maintained by federal agencies)

4. Life and Disability Insurances

400

Slander?

A legal charge for defamation of character (damaging someone’s reputation) committed in a spoken form.

400

Components of a contract

  • Offer
    • Action that starts the process of forming a contract 
  • Acceptance
    • Both parties (patient & HCP) agree to enter into contract
  • Consideration
    • Something of value must be exchanged by the parties
400

Confidentiality 

Patients’ information cannot be released without their written consent

500

Guiding principles of healthcare ethics..

  1. Preserve life
  2. Do good
  3. Respect autonomy
  4. Uphold justice
  5. Be honest
  6. Be discreet
  7. Keep promises
  8. Do no harm
500

Purpose of patients bill of rights?

The purpose is to set clear expectations for medical care so patients feel safe. It guarantees that patients get high quality treatment, safe environments, privacy, and an active role in their health choices. 


500

Advance directives?

Written documents that detail the patient’s wishes regarding health care decisions; consist of the living will and the durable power of attorney.

500

Respondeat superior 

  • “let the master answer”
    • Legal doctrine holding employer responsible for actions of employees
    • Example:
         A provider could be held liable for the consequences of a medical assistant administering the wrong medication
500

HIPAA

  • National standards to protect patient privacy (2003)
  • Follow facility policies
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