Moral Theories
This moral theory focuses on consequences and overall happiness.
What is utilitarianism?
This philosopher has been credited as being the founder of modern utilitarianism.
Who is Jeremy Bentham
This philosopher is considered the father of Deontology
Who is Immanuel Kant
This approach emphasizes relationships and empathy instead of abstract rules or individual rights
What is Care Ethics
This ancient Greek philosopher is most closely associated with Virtue Ethics
Who is Aristotle
This concept argues that what’s right or wrong for a person is whatever the majority of their culture believes.
What is Cultural Relativism
These are the 3 main concepts which make up Utilitarianism
What is Consequentialism, Hedonism, and Impartiality?
This refers to the personal rule or principle that describes what you are going to do and why you are going to do it
What is a maxim?
This concept highlights the importance of caring for specific people in our lives rather than being completely impartial.
What is Partiality
Virtue ethics claims we build virtuous character primarily through this repeated process.
What is Habit/Cultivation?
Unlike utilitarianism this theory does not focus on outcomes at all.
What is Deontology?
What is the Principle of Utility?
What is "An act is right if and only if it produces the highest net amount of pleasure of the available options."
These duties must always be followed with no exceptions.
What are perfect duties?
This view allows special obligations to friends and families, while still recognizing all persons deserve equal respect.
What is Moderate Partiality
If someone has not yet developed virtuous character but faces a moral challenge, virtue ethics may advise looking to this kind of person for guidance.
What is a Moral Exemplar?
Asking "What does a good person do?" reflects this theory
What is virtue ethics
Name at least 2 factors that the Hedonistic Calculus considers when calculating utility? (For 100 extra points, try and name all seven!)
What is Intensity, Duration, Certainty, Propinquity, Fecundity, Purity, Extent
Kant argued that we must treat people as this, never merely as a means to an end.
What is an end in themselves?
This philosopher argued against moral sainthood
Susan Wolf
This concept explains the balance of all virtues falling between excess and deficiency.
What is the Golden Mean
This theory argues that there are objective facts about what is right and wrong. Some things are just wrong, regardless of what people’s personal opinions are.
What is Moral Realism
This philosopher refined utilitarianism by distinguishing between higher and lower pleasures, arguing that intellectual pleasures are more valuable.
Who is John Stuart Mill?
A major criticism of deontology is that it can lead to morally questionable outcomes because it ignores this.
What are consequences?
A care ethicist would prioritize this when making moral decisions. (two possible answers)
What are relationships and responsibilities to others?
Someone only chooses to donate to a cause so they can post about it on social media and gain praise, rather than out of sincerity. What ethical issue does this demonstrate?
What is Virtue Signaling / Performative Activism