Protestant and Catholic Reformations
Who was the German religious reformer who initiated the Protestant Reformation?
Martin Luther
Between which years did the Thirty Years' War take place?
1618–1648
What is the name of a political system in which a monarch holds supreme power?
Absolutizm
What is constitutionalism?
Government limited by law
Which two countries dominated overseas trade and colonization during much of the sixteenth century?
Spain and Portugal
In which German city did Martin Luther teach theology?
Wittenberg
What climatic period caused shorter growing seasons and poor harvests in Europe?
Little Ice Age
Which French king was known as the Sun King?
Louis XIV
What revolution took place in England in 1688–1689?
Glorious Revolution
What economic doctrine viewed international trade as a zero-sum game?
Mercantilism
Which French reformer developed the doctrine of predestination?
John Calvin
Which treaty ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648?
Peace of Westphalia
Which palace became the center of Louis XIV's political and court life?
Versailles
Which document limited royal power in England in 1689?
Bill of Rights
Which Dutch company was founded in 1602 to capture the Asian spice trade?
Dutch East India Company
Which council met between 1545 and 1563 to reform the Catholic Church?
Council of Trent
What term describes the belief that community needs should come before profit and competition?
Moral economy
Which religious agreement did Louis XIV revoke in 1685?
Edict of Nantes
What was the name of the wealthy businessmen who controlled domestic affairs in the Dutch provinces?
Regents
What English laws restricted foreign participation in trade with England and its colonies?
Navigation Acts
Who founded the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) in 1540?
Ignatius Loyola
Which 1555 agreement allowed rulers of Holy Roman Empire territories to choose between Catholicism and Lutheranism?
Peace of Augsburg
Which Habsburg ruler reduced the power of the Bohemian Estates during the Thirty Years' War?
Ferdinand II
Which philosopher defended the natural rights of life, liberty, and property in his 1690 political work?
John Locke
Which Dutch company, founded in 1621, competed with Spain in the Americas
Dutch West India Company