Europe in the Middle Ages

The Franks

100

The strongest Germanic group in Europe during the early Middle Ages

Franks

200

This land was gifted to the pope by Pepin the Short after he expelled the Lombards from it.

Papal States

300

These peoples pushed the Celts out of England into Ireland, Scotland, and Wales.

Anglo-Saxons

400

This mayor of the palace helped strengthen Christianity in Europe by defeating the Muslims at the Battle of Tours, halting the spread of Islam into Europe.

Charles Martel (The Hammer)

500

The first Germanic ruler to accept Catholic Christianity.

Clovis

Charlemagne

100

After the death of Pepin the Short, this man became King of the Franks in 768

Charlemagne

200

Charlemagne nearly doubled the size of the Frankish kingdom by leading over fifty of these.

war campaigns 

300

It is estimated that Charlemagne slaughtered around 5000 members of this Germanic group when they refused to convert to Christianity

Saxons

400

On Christmas day in the year 800, the pope bestowed this honor on Charlemagne, despite Charlemagne's discomfort with this action.

Holy Roman Emperor 

500

The capital of Charlemagne's kingdom.

Aachen

Christianity in Europe

100

This priest spread Christianity and founded churches in Ireland during the 400s.

Patrick

200

This pope sent 40 missionary to England to convert its inhabitants to Christianity

Gregory I

300

Manuscripts decorated by monks with beautiful lettering and religious paintings

Illuminations

400

Monasteries became wealthy by selling these to kings and warriors

prayers

500

The name of the agreement reached between the German king and the pope in 1122

Concordat of Worms

Geography

100

These mountains form the eastern border of Europe

Urals

200

Pepin crossed these mountains to expel the Lombards from the Pope's lands in Italy.

Alps

300

This sea borders Africa, Europe, and the Middle East

Mediterranean Sea

400

This country is northwest of France and bordered by Scotland to the north

England

500

This kingdom consisted of Germany, parts of Italy and France, and other territories

Holy Roman Empire

The Dark Ages

100

These local officials oversaw local affairs and raised armies for Charlemagne 

counts

200

The head of a monastery or abbey

abbot

300

These officials went on inspections for Charlemagne and reported on how Charlemagne's local officials were performing.

royal messengers

400

When Henry IV insisted on naming his own bishops, Pope Gregory VII took this action against him, stripping him of church membership and denying him entry into heaven.

excommunication

500

Grandfather of Charlemagne

Charles Martel