Skin Cells
What is the difference between melanocytes and keratinocytes?
Melanocytes: cells that produce the pigment granules that then produce the protein melanin and protect the body from UV rays.
Keratinocytes: cells that are composed of keratin that make up 95% of the epidermis.
What is a crust?
Dead skin cells that form over a wound or blemish while healing. It is an accumulation of sebum, pus, and sometimes mixed with epidermal cells.
What are active ingredients?
ingredients that chemically cause a physiological change.
What has the most impact on aging?
80-85% of skin damage is caused by UV electromagnetic radiation and sun
How do you treat combination skin?
They need a balance of water and oil. They need products that include emollients, humectants and oil balancing or regulating.
What are Langerhans immune cells?
they protect the body from infections by identifying foreign material
What causes wheals?
they can be caused by a blow, scratch, an insect bite, or even a skin allergy, or a sting of a nettle.
can some ingredients be both funtional and performance ingredients?
Yes
* speed up aging process
*cause chain reaction of cellular destruction
* create an unhealthy lifestyle
* Force electrons to be unstable
What is the difference between dry and dehydrated skin?
Dry skin is a lack of moisture (oil) while dehydrated skin is a lack of water.
What are antibodies, and what is their purpose in the skin?
langerhan, leukocytes, and t cells. They fight and neutralize bacteria viruses and antigens.
What is the difference between papules, pustules, and cysts?
Papules are a small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid, but may contain pus.
Pustules are raised inflamed papule with white or yellow center containing pus in the top of the lesion.
Cysts are closed abnormally develped sacs that contains pus, semifluid or morbid matter above or below the skin that can be drained of fluid.
What is titanium dioxide?
a mineral ingredient that is used as a physical sunscreen.
What helps prevent and get rid of free radicals?
sunscreen and/or antioxidants
How would you treat an acne prone client vs an oily client?
T Cells: type of lymphocyte that attack virus- infected cells, foreign cells and cancer cells.
What type of lesion is an excoration?
secondary lesions
What is silica?
Ingredient that is found in clay, granite and sandstone an is used to absorb moisture and oil (in makeup products)
What are four things that the sun does to the skin?
* pigment disfunction
* wrinkles
* sagging
* collagen and elastin breakdown
* skin cancer
What does mature skin need?
How often do the skin cells replace themselves.
Every 6-9 months.
What's the difference between a keloid and a scar.
a keloid is a scar that turns out to be extra thick became of an excessive growth of fibrous tissue.
a scar is a slightly raised or depressed area of the skin that forms as a result of the healing process related to an injury or lesion.
What is the difference between AHA's and BHA's
AHA's are more abundant and are watersoluble
BHA's are oil soluble.
Whats the difference between UVA and UVB rays from the sun?
UVA: (aging rays)
* 95% of the suns rays that reach the earth
* longer wavelengths than UVB rays, meaning that they penetrate deeper
cause thee elastin and collagen fibers weakening
* can penetrate through glass and clouds.
* present year round
UVB: (burning rays)
* causes burning of skin, tanning, aging and cancer
*more damaging than UVA rays
contributes to the synthesis of vitamin D and other important minerals
* or energy than UV reacts with ozone, welding torches and UV sanitizing bulbs