Fossils Part 1
What kind of fossils preserve the original tissues and structures in either ice, tar, or amber?
Original Material
What is the record of all fossils called?
Fossil Record
Where did Darwin do most of his research?
Galapagos Islands
When an organism shares a lot of the same DNA as another organism, what do they most likely share?
A common ancestor
What is a scientist who studies nature called?
Naturalist
What kind of fossils show evidence of the activity of an organism, like tracks or footprints?
Trace
What kind of fossils form when minerals in water replace the organism's dead tissues and harden into rock?
Mineralization
What type of birds did Darwin study and why were their beaks different shapes?
Finches
Different food sources
What are structures that are the SAME and indicate a common ancestor?
Homologous
What is an adaptation that allows organisms to blend into their environment?
Camoflauge
When referring to a mold and cast fossil, what part is the mud/sand that fills in the impression and what part is the impression itself?
Mold - impression
Cast - mud/sand that fills in the impression
What kind of fossils form when dead organisms are compressed over time and pressure drives off the liquids/gasses and leaves behind a carbon outline?
Carbonization
Explain what happened to the pepper moths
Trees turned dark from pollution - dark moths survived
Trees turned back to light - light moths survived
What are structures in our body that are no longer useful?
Vestigial
In a cladogram, what does it mean if an organism is BEHIND (to the left of) a trait?
do not have the trait
What type of age dating uses the exact/precise age of the fossil in years?
Absolute Age Dating
What type of age dating uses words like younger and older and not the exact age?
Relative Age Dating
What was Darwin's book called?
The Origin of Species
What kind of structures to the early embryos of vertebrates have? (There are THREE)
Gill slits, eye spots, tails
What is the process called where organisms with favorable traits survive and pass them on to their offspring (and organisms without these traits do not survive)?
Natural Selection
In order to find the absolute age of a fossil, what element do scientists need to look at within the bones?
Carbon
What type of rock are fossils found in?
Sedimentary
Explain what natural selection is
Organisms with better traits will survive and pass those traits on - those that don't have those traits will die
If certain fossils can be found everywhere in the world, we can assume they lived when all of earth's land was called what?
Pangea
What are an organism's structures and behaviors for finding food, protection, and moving called?
Adaptations