Cells
This organelle is called the powerhouse of the cell because it produces ATP.
What are the mitochondria?
Name the four classic signs of acute inflammation.
Redness, heat, swelling, and pain
This sequence explains how an infectious organism travels from its source to a susceptible person.
What is the chain of infection?
This fungal infection commonly causes an itchy, ring-shaped skin lesion.
What is tinea (ringworm)?
A wound is red, warm, swollen, and painful. Is this more consistent with acute or chronic inflammation?
Acute inflammation.
A substance moves from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration without requiring cellular energy.
What is diffusion?
This type of immunity is present from birth and provides a rapid, nonspecific response to pathogens.
What is innate immunity?
An infection acquired as a result of receiving healthcare is called a what?
What is a healthcare-associated infection (HAI)?
This infection is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and commonly affects the lungs.
What is tuberculosis (TB)?
The immune system recognizes a foreign molecule on a virus as something that should trigger an immune response. What is it called?
What is an antigen?
A red blood cell is placed into a hypotonic solution. Water moves into the cell, causing it to swell and potentially burst. What process is occurring?
What is osmosis?
These immune proteins recognize and bind to specific foreign substances called antigens.
What are antibodies?
A wound sample is tested to identify the organism and determine which antibiotics will work against it.
What is a culture and sensitivity?
Dysuria, urinary frequency, and urgency are classic symptoms of this infection.
What is a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
Broad-spectrum antibiotics disrupt normal microorganisms, allowing another organism to overgrow. What concept does this demonstrate?
What is disruption of resident flora?
This type of transport requires ATP and moves substances against their concentration gradient.
What is active transport?
Inflammation that persists for months or years and may cause tissue destruction and fibrosis is called what?
What is chronic inflammation?
Unnecessary or inappropriate antibiotic use can lead to this problem, making infections harder to treat.
What is antimicrobial resistance?
Fever, severe headache, neck stiffness, and photophobia suggest infection/inflammation of the meninges. What is this?
What is meningitis?
A patient with HIV has progressive destruction of CD4+ T cells and develops opportunistic infections. What condition does this indicate?
What is AIDS?
A cell becomes larger because it has increased its workload, such as skeletal muscle enlargement with exercise.
What is hypertrophy?
The immune system mistakenly identifies the body's own tissues as foreign and attacks them
What is autoimmunity?
Put these acute infection phases in order: illness, incubation, convalescence, prodromal.
Incubation
Prodromal
Illness
Convalescence.
A patient with influenza later develops bacterial pneumonia. This is an example of what?
What is a complication of infection?
A ventilated patient develops fever and productive cough. A sputum culture identifies the organism and reports which antibiotics are effective. Name TWO concepts being tested.
Healthcare-associated infection AND culture & sensitivity.