Civil Wars + Terrorism
Rebel groups and terrorist organizations are fighting _______ wars against the government (think power relationships)
What are asymmetrical wars?
Collaboration can be illustrated through this canonical game
What is the Prisoner's Dilemma
The range of deals that both states would theoretically prefer to war is called this.
What is the bargaining range?
Describe the general trend of global democracy
NATO is an example of this kind of alliance
What is defensive
These are the two buckets of causes for civil wars
What are:
- Greed
- Grievance
This is the definition of what concept
"the expectation that states have legal and political supremacy within their territorial boundaries"
What is sovereignty?
These are the two broad categories of 'unknowns' that make incomplete information a problem in bargaining.
What are capabilities and resolve?
The capitalist peace is an alternative explanation for this theory
What is the democratic peace theory
This type of security institution facilitates bargaining (and therefore peace) by 1) increasing the costs of war; 2) outsiders resolving commitment problems; and 3) peacekeepers diminish first strike advantages by positioning themselves between adversaries
What are collective security institutions
This is the geographic relationship between civil wars
What is they occur in the same neighborhoods
These are the two ways that states exercise power in bargaining
What are:
- Coercion
- Having outside options
Deterrence and compellence are forms of coercive bargaining. This is the difference between the two
What is Deterrence involves threats to keep the status quo whereas compellence involves threats to change it?
This is the definition of this concept
"the political ideology that prioritizes attachment to one’s nation, where nations are groups defined by common origin, ethnicity, language, or cultural ties"
What is nationalism
These are the three big reasons why alliances make war less likely
What are:
- Balance of power
- deterrence
- reduction of uncertainty
Name one way terrorists respond to power asymmetry, bargaining problems
- create networked command structures
- use fear to gain concessions
- use the element of surprise
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These are the two reasons why states would comply with institutions
What are:
- They facilitate long-run cooperation
- they are costly to build
The Cuban Missile crisis, in which the US set up a naval blockade to stop Russia from putting nuclear weapons on Cuba, is an example of this type of strategy for states to making threats credible.
What is brinksmanship?
Name two of the domestic actors that might have an effect on conflict
What are:
- the public
- the bureaucracy
- interest groups
- the leader
- politicians
These are the two UN-based security activities that have been largely successful
What are peace enforcement and peacekeeping?
This is the inherent commitment problem that rebel groups face
What is not being able to trust the government if rebels lay down arms
Name two of the six ways that states can better facilitate cooperation
What are
- Smaller groups with powerful actors
- Iteration (repeated interactions)
- Linkage (issue linkage)
- strategies of reciprocal punishment
- information (e.g. monitoring agencies)
- Institutions
This is how commitment problems lead to conflict (name two ways)
What are:
- Preventive war
-Pre-emptive war
- bargaining over a future source of power
Name two of the causes of the rally effect
What are:
- increase in patriotism
- ease opposition's criticism
- creates a diversion from other problems
- gives leaders a scapegoat
Collective security institutions face several joint-decision making challenges. Name two.
What are:
- deciding what acts are considered threats
- deciding what states are aggressors
- deciding what to do about aggression
- how might changes to SQ occur