Research Methods
The type of study needed to infer a causal relationship between two variables
What is experimental?
The structure in the neuron that transports electrical impulses away from the cell body and is insulated by myelin sheath
What is an axon?
The type of photoreceptor that is abundant in the periphery and helps us see in low-light conditions
What are rods?
An example of this component of operant conditioning is taking Advil to get rid of a headache
What is negative reinforcement?
The type of explanation describes immediate causes of behavior
What is proximate explanation?
The type of hypothesis which assumes no difference between groups or no relationship between variables
What is a null hypothesis?
Damage to this brain area, located in this lobe, leads to fluent aphasia
What is Wernicke's Area (temporal lobe)?
The "transducer" of the ear, responsible for converting physical vibrations into electrical energy
What is the cochlea?
In Pavlov's classical conditioning study, the food was the _____
The process by which natural selection produces qualities that are useful for attracting mates
What is sexual selection?
The p-value that would cause you to reject the null hypothesis
Which lobe of the brain is responsible for spatial awareness, skin sensation, touch, & pressure?
What is the parietal lobe?
The set of principles that the visual system uses to organize stimuli into meaningful patterns
What are the Gestalt Principles? (connectedness, closure, continuity, similarity, proximity)
An example of this reward schedule is getting a free coffee after every 10 coffees you purchase
What is a fixed ratio schedule?
The misconception that what is natural is always good
What is naturalistic fallacy?
The type of validity describes the extent to which results can be generalized vs.
The type of validity describes the extent to which a study is high-quality and well-controlled
What is external validity, what is internal validity
The non-invasive brain imaging technique that looks at brain activity by tracking the amount of oxygen in the blood
What is fMRI?
Interposition (perceiving an object as farther away when it is partially blocked by another object) is an example of a ____
This type of learning exemplified in the Bandura Bobo Doll Study when kids imitated adults' aggressive behavior
What is observational learning?
___ are more likely to look for an older partner who is financially stable, while ___ are more likely to look for a younger partner with high sexual fidelity
Who are women, who are men?
The type of reliability that would be high if, for example, a patient received the same score on an OCD diagnostic scale after completing the survey today and then again one week from now
What is test-retest reliability?
The process by which a cell membrane returns to resting potential is called ____.
After this occurs, it is difficult for the neuron to fire another action potential, a period known as the ____.
What is repolarization?
What is the refractory period?
Place Theory states that our perception of _____ depends on where the basilar membrane (cochlea) is stimulated
What is pitch?
The effect that explains why you are more likely to develop a taste aversion after experiencing nausea than after experiencing a shock/loud noise
"Not all associations are equally learnable"
What is the Garcia Effect?
The theory that describes why women may be more selective about romantic partners than men
What is Parental Investment Theory?