History of Genetics
Organisms that are easy to grow, have a short life cycle, produce many offspring, and can easily be analyzed genetically
Model Organisms
What are the 4 bases in DNA? (Letters are fine)
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
What is the term for alternative versions of the same gene?
Alleles
Name one purpose of the cell cycle
How many daughter cells are produced at the end of meiosis?
4 daughter cells.
This revolutionary gene-editing technology, adapted from bacteria’s defense against invading viruses, uses a guide RNA and a nuclease to cut DNA at specific sites.
CRISPR-Cas9
What was the conclusion from the Avery-MacLeod-McCarty and Hershey and Chase Experiments?
DNA is the genetic material
Kinetochore Proteins
In this phase of mitosis, sister chromatids are pulled apart and moved toward the poles.
Anaphase
A cell has homologous chromosomes paired as tetrads aligned at the metaphase plate. Is the cell in the middle of Mitosis, Meiosis I, or Meiosis II?
Meiosis I
This theory suggests that organisms develop from miniature versions of themselves
Preformation
In the Avery-MacLeod-McCarty experiment, heat-killed virulent S-Strain was exposed to a protease. Then it was combined with non-infectious R-Strain.
That same mixture was then injected into a mouse. What happened to this mouse?
The mouse died
The number of chromatids and chromosomes in the image
Open the file titled "Exam 1 Jeopardy" to see the image and answer.
During this phase of the cell cycle, cells grow and replicate organelles.
G1
What is the name of the process where homologous chromosomes are brought together by cohesion proteins during Prophase I?
Synapsis
A researcher induces a frameshift mutation in a gene to permanently turn it off. What type of reverse genetics is this?
Gene knock-out
Which of the three experiments we discussed in class used radioactively labelled bacteriophages to infect bacterial cells?
Hershey and Chase
In Eukaryotic cells, DNA is tightly wrapped around ________ proteins.
Histone
What is the term used to describe cell division in prokaryotic organisms?
During which phase of meiosis are homologous chromosomes no longer connected at the chiasmata?
Anaphase I
What technique was used to clone Dolly the sheep?
Nuclear Transfer
What was the final conclusion from Frederick Griffith's experiment which infected mice with non-virulent R-Strain and virulent S-Strain?
Something from the heat-killed S-Strain was transferred to the R-Strain --> The Transforming Principle
Chromosomes decondense at the end of mitosis into ________.
Chromatin
A cell begins separating sister chromatids, but one chromosome is not properly attached to its spindle fiber. Which cell cycle checkpoint failed?
Metaphase Checkpoint
What are the two sources of genetic variation in Meiosis?
Crossing over and independent assortment