The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it
What is Hindsight Bias?
(aka the I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon)
100
These are unlearned, involuntary responses that occur automatically in the presence of certain stimuli.
What are reflexes?
100
Research in which the relationship between two sets of variables is examined to determine whether they are associated, or "correlated".
What is correlational research?
100
The extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure
What is validity?
200
The degree to which an assessment tool produces stable and consistent results.
What is Reliability?
200
A statement of the procedures used to define research variables
Who is the Operational Definition?
200
This is the innate disposition that emerges early in life.
What is temperament?
200
The variable that is measured and is expected to change as a result of changes caused by the experimenter's manipulation of the other variable.
What is a dependent variable?
200
This experimental factor is manipulated; it is the variable whose effect is being studied
What is the control group?
300
This is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
What is Psychology?
300
The type of sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion
What is a Random Sample?
300
According to Erikson, this is the last stage of childhood, during which children age 6 to 12 years may develop positive social interactions with others or may feel inadequate and become less sociable.
What is industry-versus-inferiority stage?
300
This is a prediction, stemming from a theory, stated in a way that allows it to be tested.
What is a hypothesis?
300
This method involves assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to the different groups
What is the DV?
400
This issue refers to the controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors
What is the The Nature-Nurture Issue?
400
The descriptive technique that involves gathering self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the group
What is ta survey?
400
A way of thinking in which a child views the world entirely from his or her own perspective.
What is egocentric thought?
400
This is an in-depth, intensive investigation of an individual or small group of people.
What is a case study?
400
The idea that the traits that contribute most to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed to further generations
What is Natural Selection?
500
Researchers who study individual differences in personality and corresponding behaviors
What are Personality Psychologists?
500
These theories suggest that motivation stems from the desire to obtain valued external goals, or incentives
What is the Experimental method?
500
According to Piaget, the period from 7 to 12 years of age that is characterized by logical thought and a loss of egocentrism.
What is the concrete operational stage?
500
This is a broad explanation and prediction concerning a phenomena of interest.
What is a theory?
500
The extent to which variation among individuals can be attributed to their genes