Atoms
What are the 4 main elements?
H,C,N,O
Polar covalent bonds
Nonpolar covalent bonds
Ionic bonds
7
What is a monomer of a Carbohydrate?
Glucose, Fructose, Galactose.
What is an example of a Lipid.
Fats, oils, phospholipids and steroids.
What is the atomic number of Chlorine?
17
What is the definition of a Polar Covalent Bond?
Give an example.
The Unequal Sharing of Electrons.
H2O
Cohesion is waters attraction to itself. This can occur thanks to the partial charge which enable hydrogen bonding.
What is the difference between Alpha-Glucose and Beta-Glucose?
Alpha- Glucose have a different structure for the hydroxyl groups compared to Beta-Glucose.
Alpha- (down, down, up, down)
Beta- (up, down, up, down)
Why don't fats mix well with water? Give an example.
Nonpolar covalent bonds do not interact well with Polar covalent bond. Olive oil float on top of water.
What is an Isotope? Give two example.
It is an atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
Carbon-13
Hydrogen-2
What is a Cation and Anion?
Give and example of Ionic Bond
Cation is a Positively Charged Atom
Anion is a Negatively Charged Atom
Sodium Chloride Na+ and Cl-
Give an example of Adhesion in water. Explain why this occur and how it can be useful.
Water move up the xylem of plants through the use of Capillary Action. It is water's attraction to other molecules. It allows plants to move water against gravity.
Define Starch, Glycogen and Cellulose and what they do for each organism.
Starch is the storage form of glucose in plants, Glycogen is he storage form of glucose in animals and Cellulose makes up the cell walls in plants and functions as an overall structural component.
What is the difference between Saturated and Unsaturated fats? Provide an example of both.
Saturated fast are single bonded fats while Unsaturated fats have double bonds. Olive il for unsaturated and butter for saturated.
What is a Neutron, Proton and Electron as well as what are their charges? Provide locations as well.
Neutron: Subatomic Particle, Neutral Charge, in the Nucleus
Proton: Subatomic Particle, Positive Charge, in the Nucleus
Electron: Subatomic Particle, Negative Charge, in the electron cloud
What are the electronegativity ratios for Ionic, Polar, Nonpolar?
0-0.5= Nonpolar
0.5 < 1.5= Polar
1.7<= Ionic
1)What is the function of evaporation of sweat?
2)What property of water does the first question dive into?
1)It is to cool you off through the evaporation of water molecules on the skin.
2)Water has a high rate of vaporization.
What is the general formula for carbohydrates. What is the formula for glucose? What is the difference between Glucose and Fructose.
CH2O. C6H12O6. They differ in chemical structure but the formula is the same.
Draw a phospholipid.
Polar head (phosphate portion), nonpolar tail
1) How many bonds can a Nitrogen atom make?
2) How many valence electrons does it have?
3) How many electrons are needed for the first shell to be STABLE?
4) How many electrons are needed for Nitrogen to be neutral?
Ans 1) 3
Ans 2) 5
Ans 3) 2
Ans 4) 7
1) What is the name of the bond made between water molecules?
2) Why does this bonding occur? Draw an example.
1) Hydrogen bonds
2) The partial charges left behind due to the Polar Covalent Bond allow the partial charges to influence a weak bond.
H-O-H
1) Explain in detail how ice floats on water.
2) Explain how insects can walk on water.
3) If a solvent has more H+ is it more acidic or more basic? Would it be more or less than 7?
1) When water gets bellow 4 Degrees Celsius Hydrogen bonds form more frequently causing the water to become less dense and float.
2)The surface tension created due to hydrogen bonds allows insects to walk on the water as long as they don't rupture the surface tension.
3) It would be acidic and less than 7.
Draw Glucose. Draw a Disaccharide. What is the reaction that allows these two molecules to attach?
Dehydration Reaction.
What is the phospholipid bilayer?
The double layer of phospholipids that make up every cell membrane.