Electrolytes
Which statement by the nursing student indicates need for reteaching?
A. "I know that PO potassium supplements should never be crushed."
B. "If a patient cannot swallow a potassium pill, I can request a liquid form."
C. "I will initiate the potassium drip at 40 mEq/hr for one hour, then decrease it to 15 mEq/hr for the rest of the infusion."
D. "I will never draw up potassium from a vial."
C. "I will initiate the potassium drip at 40 mEq/hr for one hour, then decrease it to 15 mEq/hr for the rest of the infusion."
Name 3 symptoms of hypervolemia.
Increased BP, dyspnea, crackles, edema, JVD, weight gain, confusion, lethargy, seizures, coma, muscle spasms.
What is stroke volume?
A. The amount of blood pumped from the left ventricle each minute
B. The amount of contractions of the left ventricle per minute
C. The amount of blood pumped from the left ventricle during each contraction
D. The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures
C. The amount of blood pumped from the left ventricle during each contraction
Which patient is at highest risk for contracting pneumonia?
A. A 25-year-old cilent who works at Publix.
B. A 72-year-old client who lives in a nursing home.
C. An unvaccinated 30-year-old who lives with their parents.
D. A pregnant client.
B. A 72-year-old client who lives in a nursing home.
The client's blood pressure is 160/88. What is the pulse pressure?
72
(SBP - DBP) = Pulse Pressure
Which of the following is a potential cause of Hypernatremia?
A. Diuretics
B. Low Sodium Diet
C. Digitalis use
D. Decreased water intake
D. Decreased water intake
The nurse is concerned about the patient with hypovolemia. Which intervention should the nurse prioritize for patient safety?
A. Education about calling for help before getting out of bed.
B. Monitoring intake and output
C. Monitoring of CBC
D. Applying a cardiac monitor
A. Education about calling for help before getting out of bed.
A 68-year-old client reports a family history of hypertension, smoking 1 pack of cigarettes per day, and does not exercise. They deny any other medical history, but today their blood pressure is 133/78. What type and category of hypertension does this client likely have?
A. Primary hypertension stage 1
B. Primary hypertension stage 2
C. Secondary hypertension stage 1
D. Secondary hypertension stage 2
A. Primary hypertension stage 1
Name 2 primary prevention interventions for pneumonia.
Pneumococcal vaccine, frequent oral care for ventilated patients, incentive spirometer, infection control
A client is ordered to take 25 mg of Valsartan four times daily for hypertension. The hospital only stocks 50 mg pills. How many pills should the nurse administer?
0.5 pills
A patient's potassium level is 5.5 mEq/L. What should the nurse do first?
A. Administer furosemide (Lasix)
B. Administer isotonic fluids
C. Apply cardiac monitor
D. Collect careful I&O
C. Apply cardiac monitor
The client is experiencing fluid volume deficit. Which of the following vital sign pairs are likely?
A. High BP, High HR
B. High BP, Low HR
C. Low BP, Low HR
D. Low BP, High HR
D. Low BP, High HR
Which of the following is a potential cause of secondary hypertension?
A. Prednisone
B. Furosemide
C. Labetalol
D. Lisinopril
A. Prednisone
Name one way to manage the thick secretions involved in COPD.
Hydration (oral or IV), humidification of oxygen, chest physiotherapy, Mucolytic medications
A client is ordered to take 2 puffs of their salmeterol inhaler twice daily. The inhaler indicates that there are 84 doses left. How many days left of this medication are there?
21 days
The patient taking furosemide (Lasix) is at risk for which of the following imbalances? Select all that apply.
A. Hypervolemia
B. Hypovolemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hyponatremia
E. Hyperkalemia
F. Hypokalemia
B, D, F
The fluid is not in the intravascular space and is not contributing to the cardiovascular system.
Which of the following statements by the client about hypertension management requires reteaching?
A. "I should include more fresh vegetables and poultry into my diet."
B. "I should make sure to slowly sit up to avoid falls with my furosemide."
C. "I should check my pulse before taking my amlodipine."
D. "I should notify my provider if my blood pressure falls below 120/80."
D. "I should notify my provider if my blood pressure falls below 120/80."
Describe the pathophysiology behind crackle sounds in the lungs.
Increased surface tension due to excess fluid collapses the walls of the alveoli. The sudden snapping open of the alveoli causes a crackle sound.
The clients blood pressure is 144/76. What is the mean arterial pressure (MAP)? Round to the nearest whole number.
99
Which of the following electrolyte imbalances are associated with skeletal muscle weakness?
A. Hypokalemia and Hypocalcemia
B. Hypercalcemia and Hypophosphatemia
C. Hypercalcemia and Hypomagnesemia
D. Hypokalemia and Hyperphosphatemia
B. Hypercalcemia and Hypophosphatemia
The patient's osmolarity is 350 mOsm/L. Which of the following is true?
A. The client's intravascular fluid is hypotonic
B. The client's intracellular fluid is isotonic
C. The client's sodium is likel low
D. The client is likely experiencing hypovolemia
D. The client is likely experiencing hypovolemia
Name 2 things that may increase peripheral vascular resistance.
Vasoconstriction due to medications, the RAAS system, or the sympathetic nervous system
Atherosclerosis
Increased fluid volume
Blood clots
Age leading to stiff vessels
Air trapping due to chronic inflammation and edema of the airways, increased mucous production, and bronchospasm. COPD is chronic and progressive.
The client is ordered to receive an IV infusion of 20 mEq of potassium in 100 mL over 4 hours. How many mL/hr will the client receive?
How many mEq/hr will the client receive?
25 mL/hr
5mEq/hr