Carbohydrates
Repeating units of polymers are what?
Monosaccharides
Name two types of lipids.
- Fatty acids
- Triacylglycerols
- Phospholipids
- Glycolipids
- Steroids
- Terpenes
Name the different types of DNA.
A-DNA, B-DNA, and Z-DNA
Name the most common four structures of proteins.
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary
Who first coined the term "cells" when looking at cork in 1665?
Robert Hooke
Maltose is composed of what two units?
2 glucose units
What does the term amphipathic mean in regards to a phospholipid?
Having a polar head and a nonpolar tail.
Between A, G, C, and T, how do these nucleotides pair up with each other?
A with T and G with C
What types of proteins would be found on the inside of a folded protein?
Nonpolar
Name two differences between a prokaryote and a eukaryote cell.
Cell wall, vacuole, bound organelles, nucleus, what types of organisms have pro/euk, size, etc.
How can you tell the difference between an alpha-D-glucode ring and a beta-D-glucose ring?
alpha-D-glucose: OH group is down
beta-D-glucose: OH group is up
Triglycerols found mostly in animals are ______ at room temperature whereas triglycerols mostly found in plants are ______ at room temperature.
saturated/solid
unsaturated/liquid
Name the three main difference between DNA and RNA.
1. DNA is double stranded, RNA is single stranded
2. Uracil in RNA, Thymine in DNA
3. different types of sugar
How does the sickle cell disease relate to proteins?
A change in the amino acid sequence
The smaller the limit of ________, the greater the ___________ power
limit of resolution, resolving power
Name the two most common storage polysaccharides. What organisms are they most commonly found in?
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
Saturated: straight tail with more packing
Unsaturated: kinked tail (with double bond) with less packing
What do 5' and 3' mean?
The directionality of the strands on DNA.
Urea will denature which folded structures of proteins?
Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary
Name all three principles for Cell Theory.
1.All organisms consist of one or more cells
2.The cell is the basic unit of structure for all organisms
3.All cells arise only from preexisting cells
Why is the most abundant form of starch (cellulose) unavailable for us to digest?
We do not have the necessary bacteria to break down the cellulose.
Explain how cholesterol acts as a fluidity buffer in the lipid bilayer.
Cholesterol binds to the phospholipids and helps to hold them together. The more cholesterol, the less fluid. The less cholesterol, the more fluid.
Explain the process of how a protein is made.
Name the six different bonds/interactions that occur in all protein structures.
Disulfide bonds, electrostatic interaction, hydrophobic interaction, and hydrogen bonds, Van der Waal, peptide bonds
Why is it important for cells to be small?
Cells are small because they have the right surface area/volume ratio easy enough to diffuse items and carry out cellular functions