Two or more individuals who are connected by and within social relationships.
What is a group?
100
A research design in which the investigator measures (but does not manipulate) at least two variables and then uses statistical procedures to examine the strength and direction of the relationship between these variables.
What is a correlational study?
100
A tradition, ideology, or personal orientation that emphasizes the primacy of the group or community rather than each individual person.
What is collectivism?
100
One's characteristic approach to relationships with other people; the basic styles include secure, preoccupied, fearful, and dismissing, as defined by the dimensions of anxiety and avoidance.
What is attachment style?
100
An emotion-focused approach to examining group behavior, where it is posited that groups, over time, develop a tendency to display collective mood states.
What is the theory of group affective tone?
200
The underlying pattern of roles, norms, and relations among members that organizes groups.
What is group structure?
200
An assessment method, such as a questionnaire, test, or interview, that ask respondents to describe their feelings, attitudes of beliefs.
What is a self-report measure?
200
Accepting socially shared generalizations about the prototypical characteristics attributed to members of one's group as accurate descriptions of oneself.
What is self-stereotyping?
200
Comparing oneself to others who are performing less effectively relative to oneself.
What is downward social comparison?
200
An economic model of interpersonal relationships that offer them many rewards while exacting few costs.
What is social exchange theory?
300
Examining group behavior from several different levels of analysis, including individual level (micro), group level (meso) and organizational or social level (macro).
What is the multilevel perspective?
300
The degree to which a measurement technique consistently yields the same conclusion at different times. For measurement techniques with two or more components, this is also the degree to which these various components all yield similar conclusions.
What is reliability?
300
The 'me' component of the self-concept that derives from individualistic qualities such as traits, beliefs, and skills.
What is personal identity?
300
The degree to which one's values, attitudes, and outlooks emphasize, and facilitate establishing and maintaining, connections to others.
What is relationality?
300
Any one of a number of general conceptual analyses of groups that assumes group processes mediate the relationship between individual, group, and situational input variables and resulting group outcomes.
What is the Input-Process-Output (I-P-O) model?
400
As described by Donald Campbell, the extent to which an assemblage of individuals is perceived to be a group rather than an aggregation of independent, unrelated individuals; the quality of being groupy.
What is entitativity?
400
A research procedure that classifies (codes) group members' actions into defined categories.
What is a structured observational method?
400
A social standard that encourages distributing rewards and resources in proportion to their inputs.
What is the equity norm?
400
The tendency to affiliate with or be attracted to similar others; this tendency causes groups and other interpersonal aggregates to be composed of individuals who are similar to one another rather than dissimilar.
What is the similarity principle?
400
The theoretical premise which maintains that an individual’s understanding of a social situation, even if incorrect, will determine how he or she will act in the situation; “If men define situations as real, they are real in their consequences.”
What is the Thomas Theorem?
500
A conceptual taxonomy developed by Joseph McGrath that orders group tasks in a circular pattern based on two continua: cooperative-competitive and conceptual-behavioral.
What is the circumplex model of group tasks?
500
A research procedure used to collect and analyze nonnumeric, unqualified types of data, such as text, images, or objects.
What is a qualitative study?
500
A theoretical analysis of group processes and intergroup relations that assumes groups influence their members' self-concepts and self-esteem, particularly when individuals categorize themselves as group members and identify with the group.
What is social identity theory?
500
A theory of group formation and development proposed by Wiliam Schutz that emphasizes compatibility among three basic motives: inclusion, control and affection.
What is Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation (FIRO) theory?
500
A conceptual analysis of self-esteem proposed by Mark Leary that argues self-esteem is not an index of perceived self-worth, but instead is a psychological monitor of one's degree of inclusion and exclusion in social groups.