Fundamental Energy Concepts
Amount of heat required to raise temperature 1 kilogram of water 1 degree Celsius
What is Calorie
Metabolic process that requires oxygen
What is Aerobic
Represents the total amount of oxygen consumed by the entire body regardless of body size or weight (expressed in L/min)
What is Absolute VO2
a person with a round and soft physical body form; higher percentage of body fat
What is Endomorph
Sudden onset, short duration
What is Acute
Sum of all chemical reactions occurring that are required to support body function and survival
What is Metabolism
Metabolic process that does not require oxygen
What is Anaerobic
Energy expended at true rest in a neutral environment (e.g. lab); energy required for basic body functions
What is basal metabolic rate (BMR)
The concept which describes the diversity of body types ranging from ectomorph to mesomorph to endomorph, is partly influenced by inherited features
What is Somatotyping
Longer onset, longer duration
What is Chronic
Body's energy currency used for muscle contraction
What is ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
Decreased pH in blood and body tissues as a result of buildup of hydrogen ions (H+)
What is Metabolic acidosis
Ratio of the amount of carbon dioxide produced (expired) relative to oxygen consumed; can be used to determine fuel being used during metabolism
What is Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER)
Amount of work performed (kcal) during a single activity
What is Energy Expenditure
Internal state of physiological balance
What is Homeostasis
The principle of conservation of energy. Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.
what is the 1st law of thermodynamics
Series of electron carrier proteins that shuttle high-energy electrons during ATP-generating reactions; main source of energy in aerobic metabolism
What is the Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
Oxygen consumption during recovery from exercise that is above resting rate; equates to additional calories expended
What is Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)
The study of the proportions of the human body
What is Anthropometry
Field of study devoted to examining the body's response to any type of physical activity
Exercise Physiology
Metabolic process characterized by the ability to deliver energy (ATP) in the shortest amount of time, but it lacks capacity
What is the Phosphagen Energy System
A metabolic sequence that breaks fatty acids down to two-carbon fragments that enter the Krebs cycle as acetyl CoA
What is Lipid oxidation (beta oxidation)
Sequence of mathematical steps used to determine volume of inspired oxygen (unknown) when this value is not actually measured; it is directly calculated from volume of expired air (known)
What is Haldane transformation
The ability to carry out daily tasks with vigor and alertness without undue fatigue and with ample energy to enjoy [leisure] pursuits and to meet unforeseen emergencies
What is Physical fitness
Pairs of chemical reactions in which some of the energy released from the breakdown of one compound is used to create a bond in the formation of another compound
What is Coupled reactions