Defining Populations
define a health behavior (1 positive promotion & risk behavior)
observable actions that influence an individuals health and wellness
promotion = diet, exercise, vitamins
risk= smoking, alcohol and more
social bias: when a survey may make participant "over report" the answer to the question
Example: Do you make healthy food choices every day? (Issue: People may overreport healthy behavior)
Recall Bias: people are unable and unethically able to remember exact amount of something from past.
Example: “How many servings of vegetables did you eat over the past 3 months?” (Issue: Too long a timeframe to remember accurately)
Define PRECEDE
(Educational diagnosis) looks at behavior of individuals, environments and any enabling enforcement factors that lead to specific health behaviors
How satisfied are you with the hours and staff at Highbar Physical Therapy?
list the survery issue
1. Bias
2. Jargon
3. Literacy mis-match
4. double-barreled
4. Double-Barreled Question
When there is a sudden increase in cased above normal threshold of previous data recorded
1. endemic
2. Pandemic
3. Epidemic
4. Outbreak
3. Epidemic (example: covid originally)
define trauma & one + / - way it impacts health
trauma is an emotional response to a deeply disturbing or distrusting event
(+) increase attention to health, more engagement in therapy and practice better mindful practices
(-) substance use, eating disorders, not using healthcare etc.
define and differentiate mortality and morbidity
mortality: the occurrence of death in a population
morbidity: presence of illness or disease in a population (including prevalence and incidence)
Give an example of PRECEDE for target population and target health outcome using people who face food insecurities
target population: people who are facing food insecurity
target health outcome: to increase nutrition and access of food for those who face food insecurity.
Do you agree that harmful sedentary lifetstyles should be reduced through stricter exercise programs?
List the Survey Issue
1. Jargon
2. Loaded / Emotion charged language
3. Assumption built question
4. Leading / Bias
2. loaded / Emotion charged language from using harmful and stricter
Define and differentiate these aspects of Time with case counts
1. Secular trends
2. Seasonality
3. Day of week/time of day
secular trends: long-term trends over the years
seasonality: regular patterns of diseases in 1 year
day of week/Time of day: prevalence of set condition
What is the most appropriate approach to treatment for a patient who has experienced trauma?
A. A standardized treatment approach that focuses primarily on physical symptoms
B. Trauma-Informed Care (TIC), which recognizes the impact of trauma and promotes safety, trust, empowerment, and collaboration
C. A directive approach that minimizes discussion of the patient's experiences to avoid emotional discomfort
D. A provider-centered approach in which treatment decisions are made without patient input
B. trauma informed care
- give consent, use non-triggering language, give pt autonomy and have neutral posturing
based on your current salary, where would you fall on your yearly income?
0-25,000
25,000-50,000
50,000-100,000
100,000+
what is the survey issue here called?
Overlapping / Incomplete error
what are the 5 steps to the PRECEDE model?
social assessment
epidemiological assessment
Behavioral + environment assessment
Educational + Ecological Assessment
Administrative assessment
Did you meet the CDCs MVPA recommended amount of exercise weekly?
List the survey error
1. Bias
2. Vague/ Undefined terms
3. Jargon
4. Literacy mis-match
3. Jargon
What common tools are used to define and promote the case counts of people/persons in a population?
1. Spot maps + shaded maps
2. Line Graphs + epidemiology curves
3. Bar graphs + line graphs
4. X axis + Y axis
3. Bar graphs + line graphs
based on population health, what are 3 things we should use in our practice to optimize population-based treatment?
Preparation (core vs elective, experimental learning and SDOH)
Reward + Challenge (intrinsic motivation, funding, resources, recognition and complexity of change)
Characteristics (meeting pt needs, promotion, prevention, access and movement)
a PT clinic treated a total of 200 people this month, of them 60 had low back pain.
Find the proportion data from the statement above
Proportion: 60/200 = .30 x 100 = 30%
30% of people in the clinic experienced LBP
Which model identifies specific health problems by using secondary data to promote and assess health problem?
1. Social
2. Epidemiology
3. behavioral
4. educational
2. epidemiology
Do you always warm up before working out?
list the survey error
1. Vague
2. Absolute Terms
3. Assumption based
4. Literacy mis-match
2. Absolute terms
within a outpatient PT clinic, over the past month they have seen 24 males with knee injuries, and 36 females with knee injuries.
Based on this statement, what summerizing data should used to determine which group is most effected? (+ Solve!)
Ratio
24:36 (divide both by 12) = 2:3
for every 2 males with knee injuries there are 3 females with knee injuries
what is a vulnerable population? what impact does it have on SDOH and Chronic diseases?
Group of people at a higher risk for health problems and disparities
increased (negative) impact on SDOH
increased rates of chronic diseases
in a study done amongst 50,000 people, they found there was 500 new cases of the flu within 1 year, the multipier is 100,000.
Determine the rate from the statement above
500/50,000 x 100,000 = 1,000 new cases per 100,000 per year
What are the aspects of the PROCEED model
outcome evaluations
impact evaluations
process evaluations
implementation
Do you not disagree that stretching is needed before doing an intense workout?
list the survey error
1. Double Negative
2. Double Barreled
3. Bias
4. Jargon
1. Double Negative
What is the difference between prevalence and incidence?
Prevalence: information sustained surrounding disease or illness
- Includes point and period prevalence
Incidence: amount of new cases overtime
-Included proportion, rate and person-years